§ 2321k. Designation of major non-NATO allies
(a) Notice to Congress
The President shall notify the Congress in
writing at least 30 days before—
(1) designating a country as a major non-
NATO ally for purposes of this chapter and the
Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et
seq.); or
Page 801
TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE
§ 2323
(2) terminating such a designation.
(b) Initial designations
Australia, Egypt, Israel, Japan, the Republic
of Korea, and New Zealand shall be deemed to
have been so designated by the President as of
the effective date of this section, and the Presi-
dent is not required to notify the Congress of
such designation of those countries.
(Pub. L. 87–195, pt. II, § 517, as added Pub. L.
104–164, title I, § 147(a)(1), July 21, 1996, 110 Stat.
1434.)
Editorial Notes
REFERENCES IN TEXT
This chapter, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), was in the
original ‘‘this Act’’, meaning Pub. L. 87–195, Sept. 4,
1961, 75 Stat. 424, known as the Foreign Assistance Act
of 1961. For complete classification of this Act to the
Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2151 of
this title and Tables.
The Arms Export Control Act, referred to in subsec.
(a)(1), is Pub. L. 90–629, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1320, which
is classified principally to chapter 39 (§ 2751 et seq.) of
this title. For complete classification of this Act to the
Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2751 of
this title and Tables.
The effective date of this section, referred to in sub-
sec. (b), is July 21, 1996, the date of enactment of Pub.
L. 104–164, which enacted this section.
PRIOR PROVISIONS
A prior section 2321k, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. II, § 517, as
added Pub. L. 101–231, § 5, Dec. 13, 1989, 103 Stat. 1957;
amended Pub. L. 101–623, § 15, N
File SHA-256: 4f2ed9cb9cad7a1c3a877d5f3fdf70167491df0de766cde4b37a0c4ce21af8bf. The original may include catalog metadata, neighboring provisions, or embedded records outside this collection's scope. This page displays the selected federal record. Historical editions and unverified snapshots are not a statement of current law.
Authority boundary: historical or unconfirmed source not current law verified.
Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:uscode2024_dfaed6aa1371523213d20cd0 Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code-2024/title-22/section-2321k-designation-of-major-non-nato-allies--790f20ef09.md Pages: Not recorded – Not recorded Passage SHA-256: d60c6eeb73c045b894018435ce3409a534e073c8f13f3a3f4a076d0c9824d40f Retained source evidence SHA-256: 4f2ed9cb9cad7a1c3a877d5f3fdf70167491df0de766cde4b37a0c4ce21af8bf
Page 800
TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE
§ 2321k
‘‘(a) AUTHORITY TO TRANSFER EXCESS DEFENSE ARTI-
CLES.—
‘‘(1) NATO SOUTHERN FLANK COUNTRIES.—The Presi-
dent may transfer—
‘‘(A) to any NATO southern flank country which
is eligible for United States security assistance and
which is integrated into NATO’s military structure;
and
‘‘(B) to any major non-NATO ally on the southern
and southeastern flank of NATO which is eligible
for United States security assistance, such excess
defense articles as may be necessary to help mod-
ernize the defense capabilities of such country.
‘‘(2) MAJOR
ILLICIT
DRUG
PRODUCING
COUNTRIES.—
Subject to subsection (f), the President may transfer
to any country—
‘‘(A) which is a major illicit drug producing coun-
try,
‘‘(B) which has a democratic government, and
‘‘(C) whose armed forces do not engage in a con-
sistent pattern of gross violations of internation-
ally recognized human rights, such excess defense
articles as may be necessary to carry out sub-
section (f)(1).
‘‘(3) TERMS OF TRANSFERS.—Excess defense articles
may be transferred under this section without cost to
the recipient country.
‘‘(b) LIMITATIONS ON TRANSFERS.—The President may
transfer excess defense articles under this section only
if—
‘‘(1) they are drawn from existing stocks of the De-
partment of Defense;
‘‘(2) funds available to the Department of Defense
for the procurement of defense equipment are not ex-
pended in connection with the transfer; and
‘‘(3) the President determines that the transfer of
the excess defense articles will not have an adverse
impact on the military readiness of the United
States.
‘‘(c) NOTIFICATION TO CONGRESS.—
‘‘(1) ADVANCE
NOTICE.—The President may not
transfer excess defense articles under this section
until thirty days after the President has provided no-
tice of the proposed transfer to the committees speci-
fied in paragraph (2). This notification shall include—
‘‘(A) a certification of the need for the transfer;
‘‘(B) an assessment of the impact of the transfer
on the military readiness of the United States; and
‘‘(C) the value of the excess defense articles to be
transferred.
‘‘(2) COMMITTEES TO BE NOTIFIED.—Notice shall be
provided pursuant to paragraph (1) to the Committee
on Foreign Affairs, and the Committee on Appropria-
tions of the House of Representatives and the Com-
mittee on Armed Services, the Committee on Foreign
Relations, and the Committee on Appropriations of
the Senate.
‘‘(d) WAIVER OF REQUIREMENT FOR REIMBURSEMENT OF
DOD EXPENSES.—Section 632(d) of the Foreign Assist-
ance Act of 1961 [22 U.S.C. 2392(d)] does not apply with
respect to transfers of excess defense articles under this
section.
‘‘(e) MAINTENANCE OF MILITARY BALANCE IN EASTERN
MEDITERRANEAN.—
‘‘(1) UNITED STATES POLICY.—The Congress intends
that excess defense articles be made available under
this section consistent with the United States policy,
established by section 841 of the International Co-
operation Act of 1989 [probably means section 841 of
H.R. 2655, 101st Congress, which was not enacted], of
maintaining the military balance in the Eastern
Mediterranean.
‘‘(2) MAINTENANCE
OF
BALANCE.—Accordingly, the
President shall ensure that, over the four-year period
beginning on October 1, 1992, the ratio of—
‘‘(A) the value of excess defense articles made
available for Turkey under this section, to
‘‘(B) the value of excess defense articles made
available for Greece under this section, closely ap-
proximates the ratio of—
‘‘(i) the amount of foreign military financing
provided for Turkey, to
‘‘(ii) the amount of foreign military financing
provided for Greece.
‘‘(3) EXCEPTION
TO
REQUIREMENT.—This subsection
shall not apply if either Greece or Turkey ceases to
be eligible to receive excess defense articles under
subsection (a).
‘‘(f) MAJOR ILLICIT DRUG PRODUCING COUNTRIES
IN
LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN.—
‘‘(1) PURPOSE.—Excess defense articles shall be
transferred under subsection (a)(2) for the purpose of
encouraging the military forces of an eligible country
in Latin America and the Caribbean to participate
with local law enforcement agencies in a comprehen-
sive national antinarcotics program, conceived and
developed by the government of that country, by con-
ducting activities within that country and on the
high seas to prevent the production, processing, traf-
ficking, transportation, and consumption of illicit
narcotic or psychotrophic [sic] drugs or other con-
trolled substances.
‘‘(2) USES OF EXCESS DEFENSE ARTICLES.—Excess de-
fense articles may be furnished to a country under
subsection (a)(2) only if that country ensures that
those excess defense articles will be used only in sup-
port of antinarcotics activities.
‘‘(3) ROLE OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE.—The Sec-
retary of State shall determine the eligibility of
countries to receive excess defense articles under sub-
section (a)(2) and insure that any transfer is coordi-
nated with other antinarcotics enforcement programs
assisted by the United States Government.
‘‘(4) LIMITATION.—The aggregate value of excess de-
fense articles transferred to a country under sub-
section (a)(2) in any fiscal year may not exceed
$10,000,000.
‘‘(g) DEFINITIONS.—As used in this section—
‘‘(1) the term ‘excess defense article’ has the mean-
ing given that term by section 644(g) [probably means
section 644(g) of Pub. L. 87–195, which is classified to
section 2403(g) of this title];
‘‘(2) the term ‘made available’ means that a good
faith offer is made by the United States to furnish
the excess defense articles to a country;
‘‘(3) the term ‘major non-NATO ally’ includes Aus-
tralia, Egypt, Israel, Japan, and New Zealand;
‘‘(4) the term ‘NATO’ means the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization; and
‘‘(5) the term ‘NATO southern flank countries’
means Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain, and Turkey.’’
[For delegation of functions of President under sec-
tion 573 of Pub. L. 101–567, set out above, see Ex. Ord.
No. 12163, Sept. 29, 1979, 44 F.R. 56673, as amended, set
out as a note under section 2381 of this title.]
Provisions similar to those appearing in section 573(e)
of Pub. L. 101–167, set out above, were contained in the
following prior appropriation acts:
Pub. L. 100–461, title V, § 569, Oct. 1, 1988, 102 Stat.
2268–43.
Pub. L. 100–202, § 101(e) [title V, § 582], Dec. 22, 1987, 101
Stat. 1329–131, 1329–182.
Executive Documents
DELEGATION OF FUNCTIONS
For delegation of functions of President under this
section, see Ex. Ord. No. 12163, Sept. 29, 1979, 44 F.R.
56673, as amended, set out as a note under section 2381
of this title.
§ 2321k. Designation of major non-NATO allies
(a) Notice to Congress
The President shall notify the Congress in
writing at least 30 days before—
(1) designating a country as a major non-
NATO ally for purposes of this chapter and the
Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et
seq.); or
Page 801
TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE
§ 2323
(2) terminating such a designation.
(b) Initial designations
Australia, Egypt, Israel, Japan, the Republic
of Korea, and New Zealand shall be deemed to
have been so designated by the President as of
the effective date of this section, and the Presi-
dent is not required to notify the Congress of
such designation of those countries.
(Pub. L. 87–195, pt. II, § 517, as added Pub. L.
104–164, title I, § 147(a)(1), July 21, 1996, 110 Stat.
1434.)
Editorial Notes
REFERENCES IN TEXT
This chapter, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), was in the
original ‘‘this Act’’, meaning Pub. L. 87–195, Sept. 4,
1961, 75 Stat. 424, known as the Foreign Assistance Act
of 1961. For complete classification of this Act to the
Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2151 of
this title and Tables.
The Arms Export Control Act, referred to in subsec.
(a)(1), is Pub. L. 90–629, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1320, which
is classified principally to chapter 39 (§ 2751 et seq.) of
this title. For complete classification of this Act to the
Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2751 of
this title and Tables.
The effective date of this section, referred to in sub-
sec. (b), is July 21, 1996, the date of enactment of Pub.
L. 104–164, which enacted this section.
PRIOR PROVISIONS
A prior section 2321k, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. II, § 517, as
added Pub. L. 101–231, § 5, Dec. 13, 1989, 103 Stat. 1957;
amended Pub. L. 101–623, § 15, Nov. 21, 1990, 104 Stat.
3357; Pub. L. 102–583, § 9(a), Nov. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 4934;
Pub. L. 103–236, title VII, § 731(b), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat.
502, related to modernization of counternarcotics capa-
bilities of certain Latin America and Caribbean coun-
tries, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 104–164, title I,
§ 104(b)(2)(B), July 21, 1996, 110 Stat. 1427.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
TREATMENT OF TAIWAN RELATING TO TRANSFERS OF
DEFENSE ARTICLES AND DEFENSE SERVICES
Pub. L. 107–228, div. B, title XII, § 1206, Sept. 30, 2002,
116 Stat. 1428, provided that: ‘‘Notwithstanding any
other provision of law, for purposes of the transfer or
possible transfer of defense articles or defense services
under the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et
seq.), the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151
et seq.), or any other provision of law, Taiwan shall be
treated as though it were designated a major non-
NATO ally (as defined in section 644(q) of the Foreign
Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2403(q))[)].’’
[For definitions of ‘‘defense article’’ and ‘‘defense
service’’ as used in section 1206 of Pub. L. 107–228, set
out above, see section 1002 of Pub. L. 107–228, set out as
a note under section 2151 of this title.]
Executive Documents
DELEGATION OF FUNCTIONS
For delegation of functions of President under this
section, see Ex. Ord. No. 12163, Sept. 29, 1979, 44 F.R.
56673, as amended, set out as a note under section 2381
of this title.
PRESIDENTIAL DETERMINATIONS RELATING TO DESIGNA-
TIONS OF COUNTRIES AS MAJOR NON-NATO ALLIES
The following Presidential Determinations related to
the designation or termination of the countries listed
as major non-NATO allies of the United States for pur-
poses of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C.
2151 et seq.) and the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C.
2751 et seq.):
AFGHANISTAN.—Determination No. 2012–11, dated July
6, 2012, released July 7, 2012, not published in Federal
Register. Terminated by Determination No. 2022–24,
Sept. 23, 2022, 87 F.R. 60057.
ARGENTINA.—Determination No. 98–9, Jan. 6, 1998, 63
F.R. 3635.
BAHRAIN.—Determination No. 2002–10, Mar. 14, 2002, 67
F.R. 13247.
BRAZIL.—Determination No. 2019–21, July 31, 2019, 84
F.R. 43035.
COLOMBIA.—Determination No. 2022–14, May 23, 2022,
87 F.R. 32943.
JORDAN.—Determination No. 97–4, Nov. 12, 1996, 61
F.R. 59809.
KENYA.—Determination No. 2024–05, June 24, 2024, 89
F.R. 57055.
KUWAIT.—Determination No. 2004–21, Jan. 15, 2004, 69
F.R. 4843.
MOROCCO.—Determination No. 2004–35, June 3, 2004, 69
F.R. 34049.
PAKISTAN.—Determination No. 2004–37, June 16, 2004,
69 F.R. 38797.
PHILIPPINES.—Determination No. 2004–02, Oct. 6, 2003,
68 F.R. 59855.
QATAR.—Determination No. 2022–10, Mar. 10, 2022, 87
F.R. 15025.
THAILAND.—Determination No. 2004–16, Dec. 30, 2003,
69 F.R. 2053.
TUNISIA.—Determination No. 2015–09, July 10, 2015, 80
F.R. 43613.
§§ 2321l to 2321n. Repealed. Pub. L. 104–164, title
I, § 104(b)(2)(B), July 21, 1996, 110 Stat. 1427
Section 2321l, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. II, § 518, as added Pub.
L. 101–513, title V, § 533(f), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2015, au-
thorized President to transfer nonlethal excess defense
articles and small arms to friendly countries and to
international organizations and private and voluntary
organizations for preservation of endangered animal
and plant species.
Section 2321m, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. II, § 519, as added
Pub. L. 101–513, title V, § 596(b), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat.
2061; amended Pub. L. 103–236, title VII, § 731(c), Apr. 30,
1994, 108 Stat. 502, authorized President to transfer to
countries for whom foreign military financing program
was justified such nonlethal excess defense articles as
President determined necessary to help modernize de-
fense capabilities of such countries.
Section 2321n, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. II, § 520, as added
Pub. L. 103–236, title IV, § 408, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 452,
authorized President to transfer to international and
regional organizations of which United States is a
member such excess defense articles as President deter-
mined necessary to support and maintain international
peacekeeping operations and security.
§ 2322. Transferred
Editorial Notes
CODIFICATION
Section, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. II, § 521, formerly § 514, as
added Pub. L. 89–583, pt. II, § 201(f), Sept. 19, 1966, 80
Stat. 803; renumbered § 521, Pub. L. 90–137, pt. II,
§ 201(o)(1), Nov. 14, 1967, 81 Stat. 457, which related to ad-
ministration of sales programs, was transferred to sec-
tion 2341 of this title and subsequently repealed by Pub.
L. 90–629, § 45(a), Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1327.
§ 2323. Transfer of defense articles or services
(a) Notice to Congress
Notwithstanding any other provision of law,
none of the funds available to the Department of
Defense for the current fiscal year and hereafter
may be obligated or expended to transfer to an-
Cross-references
Connections may be documented source relationships, shared citations or nearby passages. Each explains its basis; a connection alone does not establish applicability to your situation.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. The source passage cites 22 U.S.C. § 2151. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
§ 2151. Congressional findings and declaration of
policy
(a) United States development cooperation pol-
icy
The Congress finds that fundamental political,
economic, and technological changes have re-
sulted in the interdependence of nations. The
Congress declares that the individual liberties,
economic prosperity, and security of the people
of the United States are best sustained and en-
hanced in a community of nations which respect
individual civil and economic rights and free-
doms and which work together to use wisely the
world’s limited resources in an open and equi-
table international economic system. Further-
more, the Congress reaffirms the traditional hu-
manitarian ideals of the American people and
renews its commitment to assist people in devel-
oping countries to eliminate hunger, poverty,
illness, and ignorance.
Therefore, the Congress declares that a prin-
cipal objective of the foreign policy of the
United States is the encouragement and sus-
tained support of the people of developing coun-
tries in their efforts to acquire the knowledge
and resources essential to development and to
build the economic, political, and social institu-
tions which will improve the quality of their
lives.
United States development cooperation policy
should emphasize five principal goals:
Page 533
TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE
§ 2151
(1) the alleviation of the worst physical
manifestations of poverty among the world’s
poor majority;
(2) the promotion of conditions enabling de-
veloping countries to achieve self-sustaining
economic growth with equitable distribution
of benefits;
(3) the encouragement of development proc-
esses in which individual civil and economic
rights are respected and enhanced;
(4) the integration of the developin
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 22 U.S.C. § 2151. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Notice to Congress** The President shall notify the Congress in writing at least 30 days before—
(1) designating a country as a major non-NATO ally for purposes of this chapter and the Arms Export Control Act ([22 U.S.C. 2751](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2751&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.); or
(2) terminating such a designation.
**(b) Initial designations** Australia, Egypt, Israel, Japan, the Republic of Korea, and New Zealand shall be deemed to have been so designated by the President as of the effective date of this section, and the President is not required to notify the Congress of such designation of those countries.
**(a) Allocation and transfer of funds** The President may allocate or transfer to any agency of the United States Government any part of any funds available for carrying out the purposes of this chapter, including any advance to the United States Government by any country or international organization for the procurement of commodities, defense articles, military education and training, or services (including defense services). Such funds shall be available for obligation and expenditure for the purposes for which authorized, in accordance with authority granted in this chapter or under authority governing the activities of the agencies of the United States Government to which such funds are allocated or transferred.
**(b) Utilization of services and facilities of other agencies** Any officer of the United States Government carrying out functions under this chapter may utilize the services (including defense services) and facilities of, or procure commodities, defense articles, or military education and training from, any agency of the United States Government as the President shall direct, or with the consent of the head of such agency, and funds allocated pursuant to this subsection to any such agency may be established in separate appropriation accounts on the books of the Treasury.
**(c) Reimbursement for commodities, services, and facilities** In the case of any commodity, service, or facility procured from any agency of the United States Government to carry out subchapter I of this chapter, reimbursement or payment shall be made to such agency from funds available to carry out such subchapter. Such reimbursement or payment shall be at replacement cost, or, if required by law, at actual cost, or, in the case of services procured from the Department of Defense to
Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. The source passage cites 22 U.S.C. § 2392. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
§ 2392. Government agencies
(a) Allocation and transfer of funds
The President may allocate or transfer to any
agency of the United States Government any
part of any funds available for carrying out the
purposes of this chapter, including any advance
to the United States Government by any coun-
try or international organization for the pro-
curement of commodities, defense articles, mili-
tary education and training, or services (includ-
ing defense services). Such funds shall be avail-
able for obligation and expenditure for the pur-
poses for which authorized, in accordance with
authority granted in this chapter or under au-
thority governing the activities of the agencies
of the United States Government to which such
funds are allocated or transferred.
Page 899
TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE
§ 2392
1 See References in Text note below.
(b) Utilization of services and facilities of other
agencies
Any officer of the United States Government
carrying out functions under this chapter may
utilize the services (including defense services)
and facilities of, or procure commodities, de-
fense articles, or military education and train-
ing from, any agency of the United States Gov-
ernment as the President shall direct, or with
the consent of the head of such agency, and
funds allocated pursuant to this subsection to
any such agency may be established in separate
appropriation accounts on the books of the
Treasury.
(c) Reimbursement for commodities, services,
and facilities
In the case of any commodity, service, or fa-
cility procured from any agency of the United
States Government to carry out subchapter I of
this chapter, reimbursement or payment shall
be made to such agency from funds available to
carry out such subchapter. Such rei
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 22 U.S.C. § 2392. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
As used in this chapter—
**(a)** “Agency of the United States Government” includes any agency, department, board, wholly or partly owned corporation, instrumentality, commission, or establishment of the United States Government.
**(b)** “Armed Forces” of the United States means the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard.
**(c)** “Commodity” includes any material, article, supply, goods, or equipment used for the purposes of furnishing nonmilitary assistance.
**(d)** “Defense article” includes—
(1) any weapon, weapons system, munition, aircraft, vessel, boat or other implement of war;
(2) any property, installation, commodity, material, equipment, supply, or goods used for the purposes of furnishing military assistance;
(3) any machinery, facility, tool, material supply, or other item necessary for the manufacture, production, processing repair, servicing, storage, construction, transportation, operation, or use of any article listed in this subsection; or
(4) any component or part of any article listed in this subsection; but
shall not include merchant vessels or, as defined by the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended ([42 U.S.C. 2011](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2011&num=0&edition=prelim)), source material (except uranium depleted in the isotope 235 which is incorporated in defense articles solely to take advantage of high density or pyrophoric characteristics unrelated to radioactivity), by-product material, special nuclear material, production facilities, utilization facilities, or atomic weapons or articles involving Restricted Data.
**(e)** “Defense information” includes any document, writing, sketch, photograph, plan, model, specification, design, prototype, or other recorded or oral informati
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
§ 2403. Definitions
As used in this chapter—
(a) ‘‘Agency of the United States Government’’
includes any agency, department, board, wholly
or partly owned corporation, instrumentality,
commission, or establishment of the United
States Government.
(b) ‘‘Armed Forces’’ of the United States
means the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine
Corps, and Coast Guard.
(c) ‘‘Commodity’’ includes any material, arti-
cle, supply, goods, or equipment used for the
purposes of furnishing nonmilitary assistance.
(d) ‘‘Defense article’’ includes—
(1) any weapon, weapons system, munition,
aircraft, vessel, boat or other implement of
war;
(2) any property, installation, commodity,
material, equipment, supply, or goods used for
the purposes of furnishing military assistance;
(3) any machinery, facility, tool, material
supply, or other item necessary for the manu-
facture, production, processing repair, serv-
icing, storage, construction, transportation,
operation, or use of any article listed in this
subsection; or
(4) any component or part of any article list-
ed in this subsection; but
Page 926
TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE
§ 2403
shall not include merchant vessels or, as defined
by the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended
(42 U.S.C. 2011), source material (except uranium
depleted in the isotope 235 which is incorporated
in defense articles solely to take advantage of
high density or pyrophoric characteristics unre-
lated to radioactivity), by-product material,
special nuclear material, production facilities,
utilization facilities, or atomic weapons or arti-
cles involving Restricted Data.
(e) ‘‘Defense information’’ includes any docu-
ment, writing, sketch, photograph, plan, model,
specification, design, prototype, or other re-
corded or oral inform
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
As declared by the Congress in the Arms Control and Disarmament Act [[22 U.S.C. 2551](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2551&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.], an ultimate goal of the United States continues to be a world which is free from the scourge of war and the dangers and burdens of armaments; in which the use of force has been subordinated to the rule of law; and in which international adjustments to a changing world are achieved peacefully. In furtherance of that goal, it remains the policy of the United States to encourage regional arms control and disarmament agreements and to discourage arms races.
Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. The source passage cites 22 U.S.C. § 2751. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
§ 2751. Need for international defense coopera-
tion and military export controls; Presi-
dential waiver; report to Congress; arms
sales policy
As declared by the Congress in the Arms Con-
trol and Disarmament Act [22 U.S.C. 2551 et
seq.], an ultimate goal of the United States con-
tinues to be a world which is free from the
scourge of war and the dangers and burdens of
armaments; in which the use of force has been
subordinated to the rule of law; and in which
international adjustments to a changing world
are achieved peacefully. In furtherance of that
goal, it remains the policy of the United States
to encourage regional arms control and disar-
mament agreements and to discourage arms
races.
The Congress recognizes, however, that the
United States and other free and independent
countries continue to have valid requirements
for effective and mutually beneficial defense re-
lationships in order to maintain and foster the
environment of international peace and security
essential to social, economic, and political
progress. Because of the growing cost and com-
plexity of defense equipment, it is increasingly
difficult and uneconomic for any country, par-
ticularly a developing country, to fill all of its
legitimate defense requirements from its own
design and production base. The need for inter-
national defense cooperation among the United
States and those friendly countries to which it
is allied by mutual defense treaties is especially
important, since the effectiveness of their armed
Page 1186
TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE
§ 2751
forces to act in concert to deter or defeat ag-
gression is directly related to the operational
compatibility of their defense equipment.
Accordingly, it remains the policy of the
United States to faci
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 22 U.S.C. § 2751. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.