45 U.S.C. § 181 — Application of subchapter I to carriers by

Page 27 TITLE 45—RAILROADS § 185 Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives, the Committee on Com- merce, Science, and Transportation of the Sen- ate, and the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate. (May 20, 1926, ch. 347, § 15, as added Pub. L. 112–95, title X, § 1004, Feb. 14, 2012, 126 Stat. 147.) Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries BIANNUAL GAO AUDIT Pub. L. 118–63, title II, § 218(o), May 16, 2024, 138 Stat. 1057, provided that: ‘‘Any provision of the FAA Mod- ernization and Reform Act of 2012 (Public Law 112–95) [see Short Title of 2012 Amendment note set out under section 40101 of Title 49, Transportation], including any amendment made by such Act, that requires the Comp- troller General [of the United States] to conduct an audit (including a recurring audit) shall have no force or effect.’’ SUBCHAPTER II—CARRIERS BY AIR § 181. Application of subchapter I to carriers by air All of the provisions of subchapter I of this chapter except section 153 of this title are ex- tended to and shall cover every common carrier by air engaged in interstate or foreign com- merce, and every carrier by air transporting mail for or under contract with the United States Government, and every air pilot or other person who performs any work as an employee or subordinate official of such carrier or car- riers, subject to its or their continuing author- ity to supervise and direct the manner of ren- dition of his service. (May 20, 1926, ch. 347, § 201, as added Apr. 10, 1936, ch. 166, 49 Stat. 1189.) § 182. Duties, penalties, benefits, and privileges of subchapter I applicable The duties, requirements, penalties, benefits, and privileges prescribed and established by the provisions of subchapter I of this chapter except section 153 of this title shall apply to said car- riers by air and their employees in the same manner and to the same extent as though such carriers and their employees were specifically included within the definition of ‘‘carrier’’ and ‘‘employee’’, respectively, in section 151 of this title. (May 20, 1926, ch. 347, § 202, as added Apr. 10, 1936, ch. 166, 49 Stat. 1189.) § 183. Disputes within jurisdiction of Mediation Board The parties or either party to a dispute be- tween an employee or a group of employees and a carrier or carriers by air may invoke the serv- ices of the National Mediation Board and the ju- risdiction of said Mediation Board is extended to any of the following cases: (a) A dispute concerning changes in rates of pay, rules, or working conditions not adjusted by the parties in conference. (b) Any other dispute not referable to an ad- justment board, as hereinafter provided, and not adjusted in conference between the parties, or where conferences are refused. The National Mediation Board may proffer its services in case any labor emergency is found by it to exist at any time. The services of the Mediation Board may be invoked in a case under this subchapter in the same manner and to the same extent as are the disputes covered by section 155 of this title. (May 20, 1926, ch. 347, § 203, as added Apr. 10, 1936, ch. 166, 49 Stat. 1189.) § 184. System, group, or regional boards of ad- justment The disputes between an employee or group of employees and a carrier or carriers by air grow- ing out of grievances, or out of the interpreta- tion or application of agreements concerning rates of pay, rules, or working conditions, in- cluding cases pending and unadjusted on April 10, 1936 before the National Labor Relations Board, shall be handled in the usual manner up to and including the chief operating officer of the carrier designated to handle such disputes; but, failing to reach an adjustment in this man- ner, the disputes may be referred by petition of the parties or by either party to an appropriate adjustment board, as hereinafter provided, with a full statement of the facts and supporting data bearing upon the disputes. It shall be the duty of every carrier and of its employees, acting through their representatives, selected in accordance with the provisions of this subchapter, to establish a board of adjust- ment of jurisdiction not exceeding the jurisdic- tion which may be lawfully exercised by system, group, or regional boards of adjustment, under the authority of section 153 of this title. Such boards of adjustment may be established by agreement between employees and carriers either on any individual carrier, or system, or group of carriers by air and any class or classes of its or their employees; or pending the estab- lishment of a permanent National Board of Ad- justment as hereinafter provided. Nothing in this chapter shall prevent said carriers by air, or any class or classes of their employees, both act- ing through their representatives selected in ac- cordance with provisions of this subchapter, from mutually agreeing to the establishment of a National Board of Adjustment of temporary duration and of similarly limited jurisdiction. (May 20, 1926, ch. 347, § 204, as added Apr. 10, 1936, ch. 166, 49 Stat. 1189.) § 185. National Air Transport Adjustment Board When, in the judgment of the National Medi- ation Board, it shall be necessary to have a per- manent national board of adjustment in order to provide for the prompt and orderly settlement of disputes between said carriers by air, or any of them, and its or their employees, growing out of grievances or out of the interpretation or appli- cation of agreements between said carriers by air or any of them, and any class or classes of its or their employees, covering rates of pay, rules, or working conditions, the National Mediation Board is empowered and directed, by its order duly made, published, and served, to direct the said carriers by air and such labor organizations of their employees, national in scope, as have