33 U.S.C. § 1251 — Congressional declaration of goals and

Page 350 TITLE 33—NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS § 1251 Sec. 1320. International pollution abatement. 1321. Oil and hazardous substance liability. 1321a. Prevention of small oil spills. 1321b. Improved coordination with tribal govern- ments. 1321c. International efforts on enforcement. 1322. Marine sanitation devices; discharges inci- dental to the normal operation of vessels. 1323. Federal facilities pollution control. 1324. Clean lakes. 1325. National Study Commission. 1326. Thermal discharges. 1327. Omitted. 1328. Aquaculture. 1329. Nonpoint source management programs. 1330. National estuary program. SUBCHAPTER IV—PERMITS AND LICENSES 1341. Certification. 1342. National pollutant discharge elimination sys- tem. 1343. Ocean discharge criteria. 1344. Permits for dredged or fill material. 1345. Disposal or use of sewage sludge. 1346. Coastal recreation water quality monitoring and notification. SUBCHAPTER V—GENERAL PROVISIONS 1361. Administration. 1362. Definitions. 1363. Water Pollution Control Advisory Board. 1364. Emergency powers. 1365. Citizen suits. 1366. Appearance. 1367. Employee protection. 1368. Federal procurement. 1369. Administrative procedure and judicial review. 1370. State authority. 1371. Authority under other laws and regulations. 1372. Labor standards. 1373. Public health agency coordination. 1374. Effluent Standards and Water Quality Infor- mation Advisory Committee. 1375. Reports to Congress; detailed estimates and comprehensive study on costs; State esti- mates. 1375a. Report on coastal recreation waters. 1376. Authorization of appropriations. 1377. Indian tribes. 1377a. Green infrastructure promotion. SUBCHAPTER VI—STATE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL REVOLVING FUNDS 1381. Grants to States for establishment of revolv- ing funds. 1382. Capitalization grant agreements. 1383. Water pollution control revolving loan funds. 1384. Allotment of funds. 1385. Corrective action. 1386. Audits, reports, and fiscal controls; intended use plan. 1387. Authorization of appropriations. 1388. Requirements. 1389. Clean watersheds needs survey. Editorial Notes CODIFICATION The Federal Water Pollution Control Act, comprising this chapter, was originally enacted by act June 30, 1948, ch. 758, 62 Stat. 1155, and amended by acts July 17, 1952, ch. 927, 66 Stat. 755; July 9, 1956, ch. 518, §§ 1, 2, 70 Stat. 498–507; June 25, 1959, Pub. L. 86–70, 73 Stat. 141; July 12, 1960, Pub. L. 86–624, 74 Stat. 411; July 20, 1961, Pub. L. 87–88, 75 Stat. 204; Oct. 2, 1965, Pub. L. 89–234, 79 Stat. 903; Nov. 3, 1966, Pub. L. 89–753, 80 Stat. 1246; Apr. 3, 1970, Pub. L. 91–224, 84 Stat. 91; Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–611, 84 Stat. 1818; July 9, 1971, Pub. L. 92–50, 85 Stat. 124; Oct. 13, 1971, Pub. L. 92–137, 85 Stat. 379; Mar. 1, 1972, Pub. L. 92–240, 86 Stat. 47, and was formerly classi- fied first to section 466 et seq. of this title and later to section 1151 et seq. of this title. The act is shown here- in, however, as having been added by Pub. L. 92–500 without reference to such intervening amendments be- cause of the extensive amendment, reorganization, and expansion of the act’s provisions by Pub. L. 92–500. SUBCHAPTER I—RESEARCH AND RELATED PROGRAMS § 1251. Congressional declaration of goals and policy (a) Restoration and maintenance of chemical, physical and biological integrity of Nation’s waters; national goals for achievement of ob- jective The objective of this chapter is to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the Nation’s waters. In order to achieve this objective it is hereby declared that, consistent with the provisions of this chapter— (1) it is the national goal that the discharge of pollutants into the navigable waters be eliminated by 1985; (2) it is the national goal that wherever at- tainable, an interim goal of water quality which provides for the protection and propaga- tion of fish, shellfish, and wildlife and provides for recreation in and on the water be achieved by July 1, 1983; (3) it is the national policy that the dis- charge of toxic pollutants in toxic amounts be prohibited; (4) it is the national policy that Federal fi- nancial assistance be provided to construct publicly owned waste treatment works; (5) it is the national policy that areawide waste treatment management planning proc- esses be developed and implemented to assure adequate control of sources of pollutants in each State; (6) it is the national policy that a major re- search and demonstration effort be made to develop technology necessary to eliminate the discharge of pollutants into the navigable wa- ters, waters of the contiguous zone, and the oceans; and (7) it is the national policy that programs for the control of nonpoint sources of pollu- tion be developed and implemented in an expe- ditious manner so as to enable the goals of this chapter to be met through the control of both point and nonpoint sources of pollution. (b) Congressional recognition, preservation, and protection of primary responsibilities and rights of States It is the policy of the Congress to recognize, preserve, and protect the primary responsibil- ities and rights of States to prevent, reduce, and eliminate pollution, to plan the development and use (including restoration, preservation, and enhancement) of land and water resources, and to consult with the Administrator in the exer- cise of his authority under this chapter. It is the policy of Congress that the States manage the construction grant program under this chapter and implement the permit programs under sec- tions 1342 and 1344 of this title. It is further the policy of the Congress to support and aid re- Page 351 TITLE 33—NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS § 1251 search relating to the prevention, reduction, and elimination of pollution and to provide Federal technical services and financial aid to State and interstate agencies and municipalities in con- nection with the prevention, reduction, and elimination of pollution. (c) Congressional policy toward Presidential ac- tivities with foreign countries It is further the policy of Congress that the President, acting through the Secretary of State and such national and international organiza- tions as he determines appropriate, shall take such action as may be necessary to insure that to the fullest extent possible all foreign coun- tries shall take meaningful action for the pre- vention, reduction, and elimination of pollution in their waters and in international waters and for the achievement of goals regarding the elimination of discharge of pollutants and the improvement of water quality to at least the same extent as the United States does under its laws. (d) Administrator of Environmental Protection Agency to administer chapter Except as otherwise expressly provided in this chapter, the Administrator of the Environ- mental Protection Agency (hereinafter in this chapter called ‘‘Administrator’’) shall admin- ister this chapter. (e) Public participation in development, revision, and enforcement of any regulation, etc. Public participation in the development, revi- sion, and enforcement of any regulation, stand- ard, effluent limitation, plan, or program estab- lished by the Administrator or any State under this chapter shall be provided for, encouraged, and assisted by the Administrator and the States. The Administrator, in cooperation with the States, shall develop and publish regulations specifying minimum guidelines for public par- ticipation in such processes. (f) Procedures utilized for implementing chapter It is the national policy that to the maximum extent possible the procedures utilized for im- plementing this chapter shall encourage the drastic minimization of paperwork and inter- agency decision procedures, and the best use of available manpower and funds, so as to prevent needless duplication and unnecessary delays at all levels of government. (g) Authority of States over water It is the policy of Congress that the authority of each State to allocate quantities of water within its jurisdiction shall not be superseded, abrogated or otherwise impaired by this chap- ter. It is the further policy of Congress that nothing in this chapter shall be construed to su- persede or abrogate rights to quantities of water which have been established by any State. Fed- eral agencies shall co-operate with State and local agencies to develop comprehensive solu- tions to prevent, reduce and eliminate pollution in concert with programs for managing water resources. (June 30, 1948, ch. 758, title I, § 101, as added Pub. L. 92–500, § 2, Oct. 18, 1972, 86 Stat. 816; amended Pub. L. 95–217, §§ 5(a), 26(b), Dec. 27, 1977, 91 Stat. 1567, 1575; Pub. L. 100–4, title III, § 316(b), Feb. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 60.) Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 1987—Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 100–4 added par. (7). 1977—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–217, § 26(b), inserted pro- visions expressing Congressional policy that the States manage the construction grant program under this chapter and implement the permit program under sec- tions 1342 and 1344 of this title. Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 95–217, § 5(a), added subsec. (g). Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries SHORT TITLE OF 2024 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 118–152, § 1, Dec. 17, 2024, 138 Stat. 1686, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending section 1330 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Pensacola and Perdido Bays Estuary of National Significance Act of 2024’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2021 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 117–58, div. E, § 50001, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 1135, provided that: ‘‘This division [see Tables for clas- sification] may be cited as the ‘Drinking Water and Wastewater Infrastructure Act of 2021’.’’ Pub. L. 116–337, § 1, Jan. 13, 2021, 134 Stat. 5120, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending section 1330 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Protect and Restore Amer- ica’s Estuaries Act’.’’ Pub. L. 116–294, § 1, Jan. 5, 2021, 134 Stat. 4899, provided that: ‘‘This Act [amending section 1268 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Great Lakes Restoration Initiative Act of 2019’ or the ‘GLRI Act of 2019’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2019 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 115–436, § 1, Jan. 14, 2019, 132 Stat. 5558, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting section 1377a of this title and section 4370j of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, amending sections 1319, 1342, and 1362 of this title, enacting provisions set out as a note under section 4370j of Title 42, and renumbering provisions set out as a note under this section] may be cited as the ‘Water Infrastructure Improvement Act’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2018 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 115–282, title IX, § 901, Dec. 4, 2018, 132 Stat. 4322, provided that: ‘‘This title [enacting sections 4729 and 4730 of Title 16, Conservation, amending sections 1319, 1322, 1365, and 1369 of this title, sections 4712 and 4725 of Title 16, section 42 of Title 18, Crimes and Crimi- nal Procedure, and section 11301 of Title 46, Shipping, repealing section 4711 of Title 16, enacting provisions set out as a note under section 1322 of this title and sec- tion 4711 of Title 16, and repealing provisions set out as a note under section 1342 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Vessel Incidental Discharge Act of 2018’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2017 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 115–91, div. C, title XXXV, § 3508(a), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1915, provided that: ‘‘This section [amending sections 1321, 2701, and 2715 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Foreign Spill Protection Act of 2017’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2008 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 110–365, § 1, Oct. 8, 2008, 122 Stat. 4021, provided that: ‘‘This Act [amending sections 1268 and 1271a of this title] may be cited as the ‘Great Lakes Legacy Re- authorization Act of 2008’.’’ Pub. L. 110–288, § 1, July 29, 2008, 122 Stat. 2650, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending sections 1322, 1342, and 1362 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Clean Boating Act of 2008’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2002 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 107–303, § 1(a), Nov. 27, 2002, 116 Stat. 2355, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting section 1271a of this Page 352 TITLE 33—NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS § 1251 title, amending sections 1254, 1266, 1268, 1270, 1285, 1290, 1324, 1329, 1330, and 1375 of this title, enacting provi- sions set out as notes under this section, section 1254 of this title, and section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Fi- nance, and repealing provisions set out as a note under section 50 of Title 20, Education] may be cited as the ‘Great Lakes and Lake Champlain Act of 2002’.’’ Pub. L. 107–303, title I, § 101, Nov. 27, 2002, 116 Stat. 2355, provided that: ‘‘This title [enacting section 1271a of this title and amending section 1268 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Great Lakes Legacy Act of 2002’.’’ Pub. L. 107–303, title II, § 201, Nov. 27, 2002, 116 Stat. 2358, provided that: ‘‘This title [amending section 1270 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Daniel Patrick Moy- nihan Lake Champlain Basin Program Act of 2002’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2000 AMENDMENTS Pub. L. 106–457, title II, § 201, Nov. 7, 2000, 114 Stat. 1967, provided that: ‘‘This title [amending section 1267 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 1267 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Chesapeake Bay Restoration Act of 2000’.’’ Pub. L. 106–457, title IV, § 401, Nov. 7, 2000, 114 Stat. 1973, provided that: ‘‘This title [amending section 1269 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Long Island Sound Restoration Act’.’’ Pub. L. 106–457, title V, § 501, Nov. 7, 2000, 114 Stat. 1973, provided that: ‘‘This title [enacting section 1273 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Lake Pontchartrain Basin Restoration Act of 2000’.’’ Pub. L. 106–457, title VI, § 601, Nov. 7, 2000, 114 Stat. 1975, provided that: ‘‘This title [enacting section 1300 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Alternative Water Sources Act of 2000’.’’ Pub. L. 106–284, § 1, Oct. 10, 2000, 114 Stat. 870, provided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting sections 1346 and 1375a of this title and amending sections 1254, 1313, 1314, 1362, and 1377 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Beaches Environ- mental Assessment and Coastal Health Act of 2000’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1994 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 103–431, § 1, Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4396, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending section 1311 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Ocean Pollution Reduction Act’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1990 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 101–596, § 1, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3000, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting sections 1269 and 1270 of this title, amending sections 1268, 1324, and 1416 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 1270 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Great Lakes Critical Programs Act of 1990’.’’ Pub. L. 101–596, title II, § 201, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3004, provided that: ‘‘This part [probably means title, enacting section 1269 of this title and amending section 1416 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Long Island Sound Improvement Act of 1990’.’’ Pub. L. 101–596, title III, § 301, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3006, provided that: ‘‘This title [enacting section 1270 of this title, amending section 1324 of this title, and en- acting provisions set out as a note under section 1270 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Lake Champlain Special Designation Act of 1990’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1988 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 100–653, title X, § 1001, Nov. 14, 1988, 102 Stat. 3835, provided that: ‘‘This title [amending section 1330 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 1330 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Massachusetts Bay Protection Act of 1988’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1987 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 100–4, § 1(a), Feb. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 7, provided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting sections 1254a, 1267, 1268, 1281b, 1329, 1330, 1377, 1381 to 1387, and 1414a of this title, amending this section and sections 1254, 1256, 1262, 1281, 1282 to 1285, 1287, 1288, 1291, 1311 to 1313, 1314, 1317 to 1322, 1324, 1342, 1344, 1345, 1361, 1362, 1365, 1369, 1375, and 1376 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 1284, 1311, 1317, 1319, 1330, 1342, 1345, 1362, 1375, and 1414a of this title, and sec- tion 1962d–20 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare] may be cited as the ‘Water Quality Act of 1987’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1981 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 97–117, § 1, Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1623, provided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting sections 1298, 1299, and 1313a of this title, amending sections 1281 to 1285, 1287, 1291, 1292, 1296, 1311, and 1314 of this title, and enacting provi- sions set out as notes under sections 1311 and 1375 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Municipal Wastewater Treatment Construction Grant Amendments of 1981’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1977 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 95–217, § 1, Dec. 27, 1977, 91 Stat. 1566, provided: ‘‘That this Act [enacting sections 1281a, 1294 to 1296, and 1297 of this title, amending this section and sec- tions 1252, 1254 to 1256, 1259, 1262, 1263, 1281, 1282 to 1288, 1291, 1292, 1311, 1314, 1315, 1317 to 1319, 1321 to 1324, 1328, 1341, 1342, 1344, 1345, 1362, 1364, 1375, and 1376 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 1284, 1286, 1314, 1321, 1342, 1344, and 1376 of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note under this section] may be cited as the ‘Clean Water Act of 1977’.’’ SHORT TITLE Pub. L. 92–500, § 1, Oct. 18, 1972, 86 Stat. 816, provided that: ‘‘That this Act [enacting this chapter, amending section 24 of Title 12, Banks and Banking, sections 633 and 636 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, and section 711 of former Title 31, Money and Finance, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sec- tions 1281 and 1361 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972’.’’ Act June 30, 1948, ch. 758, title V, § 520, formerly § 518, as added by Pub. L. 92–500, § 2, Oct. 18, 1972, 86 Stat. 896, amended Pub. L. 95–217, § 2, Dec. 27, 1977, 91 Stat. 1566, renumbered § 519, Pub. L. 100–4, title V, § 506, Feb. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 76, renumbered § 520, Pub. L. 115–436, § 5(b)(1), Jan. 14, 2019, 132 Stat. 5561, provided that: ‘‘This Act [this chapter] may be cited as the ‘Federal Water Pollution Control Act’ (commonly referred to as the Clean Water Act).’’ SAVINGS PROVISION Pub. L. 92–500, § 4, Oct. 18, 1972, 86 Stat. 896, provided that: ‘‘(a) No suit, action, or other proceeding lawfully commenced by or against the Administrator or any other officer or employee of the United States in his of- ficial capacity or in relation to the discharge of his of- ficial duties under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act as in effect immediately prior to the date of enact- ment of this Act [Oct. 18, 1972] shall abate by reason of the taking effect of the amendment made by section 2 of this Act [which enacted this chapter]. The court may, on its own motion or that of any party made at any time within twelve months after such taking ef- fect, allow the same to be maintained by or against the Administrator or such officer or employee. ‘‘(b) All rules, regulations, orders, determinations, contracts, certifications, authorizations, delegations, or other actions duly issued, made, or taken by or pur- suant to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act as in effect immediately prior to the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 18, 1972], and pertaining to any functions, powers, requirements, and duties under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act as in effect immediately prior to the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 18, 1972] shall continue in full force and effect after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 18, 1972] until modified or rescinded in accordance with the Federal Water Pollu- tion Control Act as amended by this Act [this chapter]. ‘‘(c) The Federal Water Pollution Control Act as in effect immediately prior to the date of enactment of Page 353 TITLE 33—NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS § 1251 this Act [Oct. 18, 1972] shall remain applicable to all grants made from funds authorized for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1972, and prior fiscal years, including any increases in the monetary amount of any such grant which may be paid from authorizations for fiscal years beginning after June 30, 1972, except as specifi- cally otherwise provided in section 202 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act as amended by this Act [section 1282 of this title] and in subsection (c) of sec- tion 3 of this Act.’’ SEPARABILITY Act June 30, 1948, ch. 758, title V, § 512, as added by Pub. L. 92–500, § 2, Oct. 18, 1972, 86 Stat. 894, provided that: ‘‘If any provision of this Act [this chapter], or the application of any provision of this Act [this chapter] to any person or circumstance, is held invalid, the ap- plication of such provision to other persons or cir- cumstances, and the remainder of this Act [this chap- ter], shall not be affected thereby.’’ NATIONAL SHELLFISH INDICATOR PROGRAM Pub. L. 102–567, title III, § 308, Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4286; as amended by Pub. L. 105–362, title II, § 201(b), Nov. 10, 1998, 112 Stat. 3282, provided that: ‘‘(a) ESTABLISHMENT OF A RESEARCH PROGRAM.—The Secretary of Commerce, in cooperation with the Sec- retary of Health and Human Services and the Adminis- trator of the Environmental Protection Agency, shall establish and administer a 5-year national shellfish re- search program (hereafter in this section referred to as the ‘Program’) for the purpose of improving existing classification systems for shellfish growing waters using the latest technological advancements in micro- biology and epidemiological methods. Within 12 months after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 29, 1992], the Secretary of Commerce, in cooperation with the ad- visory committee established under subsection (b) and the Consortium, shall develop a comprehensive 5-year plan for the Program which shall at a minimum pro- vide for— ‘‘(1) an environmental assessment of commercial shellfish growing areas in the United States, includ- ing an evaluation of the relationships between indica- tors of fecal contamination and human enteric patho- gens; ‘‘(2) the evaluation of such relationships with re- spect to potential health hazards associated with human consumption of shellfish; ‘‘(3) a comparison of the current microbiological methods used for evaluating indicator bacteria and human enteric pathogens in shellfish and shellfish growing waters with new technological methods de- signed for this purpose; ‘‘(4) the evaluation of current and projected sys- tems for human sewage treatment in eliminating vi- ruses and other human enteric pathogens which accu- mulate in shellfish; ‘‘(5) the design of epidemiological studies to relate microbiological data, sanitary survey data, and human shellfish consumption data to actual hazards to health associated with such consumption; and ‘‘(6) recommendations for revising Federal shellfish standards and improving the capabilities of Federal and State agencies to effectively manage shellfish and ensure the safety of shellfish intended for human consumption. ‘‘(b) ADVISORY COMMITTEE.—(1) For the purpose of providing oversight of the Program on a continuing basis, an advisory committee (hereafter in this section referred to as the ‘Committee’) shall be established under a memorandum of understanding between the Interstate Shellfish Sanitation Conference and the Na- tional Marine Fisheries Service. ‘‘(2) The Committee shall— ‘‘(A) identify priorities for achieving the purpose of the Program; ‘‘(B) review and recommend approval or disapproval of Program work plans and plans of operation; ‘‘(C) review and comment on all subcontracts and grants to be awarded under the Program; ‘‘(D) receive and review progress reports from the Consortium and program subcontractors and grant- ees; and ‘‘(E) provide such other advice on the Program as is appropriate. ‘‘(3) The Committee shall consist of at least ten mem- bers and shall include— ‘‘(A) three members representing agencies having authority under State law to regulate the shellfish industry, of whom one shall represent each of the At- lantic, Pacific, and Gulf of Mexico shellfish growing regions; ‘‘(B) three members representing persons engaged in the shellfish industry in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf of Mexico shellfish growing regions (who shall be appointed from among at least six recommendations by the industry members of the Interstate Shellfish Sanitation Conference Executive Board), of whom one shall represent the shellfish industry in each re- gion; ‘‘(C) three members, of whom one shall represent each of the following Federal agencies: the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Envi- ronmental Protection Agency, and the Food and Drug Administration; and ‘‘(D) one member representing the Shellfish Insti- tute of North America. ‘‘(4) The Chairman of the Committee shall be selected from among the Committee members described in para- graph (3)(A). ‘‘(5) The Committee shall establish and maintain a subcommittee of scientific experts to provide advice, assistance, and information relevant to research funded under the Program, except that no individual who is awarded, or whose application is being considered for, a grant or subcontract under the Program may serve on such subcommittee. The membership of the sub- committee shall, to the extent practicable, be region- ally balanced with experts who have scientific knowl- edge concerning each of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf of Mexico shellfish growing regions. Scientists from the National Academy of Sciences and appropriate Federal agencies (including the National Oceanic and Atmos- pheric Administration, Food and Drug Administration, Centers for Disease Control, National Institutes of Health, Environmental Protection Agency, and Na- tional Science Foundation) shall be considered for membership on the subcommittee. ‘‘(6) Members of the Committee and its scientific sub- committee established under this subsection shall not be paid for serving on the Committee or subcommittee, but shall receive travel expenses as authorized by sec- tion 5703 of title 5, United States Code. ‘‘(c) CONTRACT WITH CONSORTIUM.—Within 30 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 29, 1992], the Secretary of Commerce shall seek to enter into a cooperative agreement or contract with the Consor- tium under which the Consortium will— ‘‘(1) be the academic administrative organization and fiscal agent for the Program; ‘‘(2) award and administer such grants and sub- contracts as are approved by the Committee under subsection (b); ‘‘(3) develop and implement a scientific peer review process for evaluating grant and subcontractor appli- cations prior to review by the Committee; ‘‘(4) in cooperation with the Secretary of Commerce and the Committee, procure the services of a sci- entific project director; ‘‘(5) develop and submit budgets, progress reports, work plans, and plans of operation for the Program to the Secretary of Commerce and the Committee; and ‘‘(6) make available to the Committee such staff, information, and assistance as the Committee may reasonably require to carry out its activities. ‘‘(d) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—(1) Of the sums authorized under section 4(a) of the National Oce- anic and Atmospheric Administration Marine Fisheries Page 354 TITLE 33—NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS § 1251 Program Authorization Act (Public Law 98–210; 97 Stat. 1409), there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Commerce $5,200,000 for each of the fiscal years 1993 through 1997 for carrying out the Program. Of the amounts appropriated pursuant to this author- ization, not more than 5 percent of such appropriation may be used for administrative purposes by the Na- tional Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The remaining 95 percent of such appropriation shall be used to meet the administrative and scientific objec- tives of the Program. ‘‘(2) The Interstate Shellfish Sanitation Conference shall not administer appropriations authorized under this section, but may be reimbursed from such appro- priations for its expenses in arranging for travel, meet- ings, workshops, or conferences necessary to carry out the Program. ‘‘(e) DEFINITIONS.—As used in this section, the term— ‘‘(1) ‘Consortium’ means the Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium; and ‘‘(2) ‘shellfish’ means any species of oyster, clam, or mussel that is harvested for human consumption.’’ LIMITATION ON PAYMENTS Pub. L. 100–4, § 2, Feb. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 8, provided that: ‘‘No payments may be made under this Act [see Short Title of 1987 Amendment note above] except to the extent provided in advance in appropriation Acts.’’ SEAFOOD PROCESSING STUDY; SUBMITTAL OF RESULTS TO CONGRESS NOT LATER THAN JANUARY 1, 1979 Pub. L. 95–217, § 74, Dec. 27, 1977, 91 Stat. 1609, provided that the Administrator of the Environmental Protec- tion Agency conduct a study to examine the geo- graphical, hydrological, and biological characteristics of marine waters to determine the effects of seafood processes which dispose of untreated natural wastes into such waters and to include in this study an exam- ination of technologies which may be used in such proc- esses to facilitate the use of the nutrients in these wastes or to reduce the discharge of such wastes into the marine environment and to submit the result of this study to Congress not later than Jan. 1, 1979. OVERSIGHT STUDY Pub. L. 92–500, § 5, Oct. 18, 1972, 86 Stat. 897, authorized the Comptroller General of the United States to con- duct a study and review of the research, pilot, and dem- onstration programs related to prevention and control of water pollution conducted, supported, or assisted by any Federal agency pursuant to any Federal law or reg- ulation and assess conflicts between these programs and their coordination and efficacy, and to report to Congress thereon by Oct. 1, 1973. INTERNATIONAL TRADE STUDY Pub. L. 92–500, § 6, Oct. 18, 1972, 86 Stat. 897, provided that: ‘‘(a) The Secretary of Commerce, in cooperation with other interested Federal agencies and with representa- tives of industry and the public, shall undertake imme- diately an investigation and study to determine— ‘‘(1) the extent to which pollution abatement and control programs will be imposed on, or voluntarily undertaken by, United States manufacturers in the near future and the probable short- and long-range ef- fects of the costs of such programs (computed to the greatest extent practicable on an industry-by-indus- try basis) on (A) the production costs of such domes- tic manufacturers, and (B) the market prices of the goods produced by them; ‘‘(2) the probable extent to which pollution abate- ment and control programs will be implemented in foreign industrial nations in the near future and the extent to which the production costs (computed to the greatest extent practicable on an industry-by-in- dustry basis) of foreign manufacturers will be af- fected by the costs of such programs; ‘‘(3) the probable competitive advantage which any article manufactured in a foreign nation will likely have in relation to a comparable article made in the United States if that foreign nation— ‘‘(A) does not require its manufacturers to imple- ment pollution abatement and control programs. ‘‘(B) requires a lesser degree of pollution abate- ment and control in its programs, or ‘‘(C) in any way reimburses or otherwise sub- sidizes its manufacturers for the costs of such pro- gram; ‘‘(4) alternative means by which any competitive advantage accruing to the products of any foreign na- tion as a result of any factor described in paragraph (3) may be (A) accurately and quickly determined, and (B) equalized, for example, by the imposition of a surcharge or duty, on a foreign product in an amount necessary to compensate for such advantage; and ‘‘(5) the impact, if any, which the imposition of a compensating tariff of other equalizing measure may have in encouraging foreign nations to implement pollution and abatement control programs. ‘‘(b) The Secretary shall make an initial report to the President and Congress within six months after the date of enactment of this section [Oct. 18, 1972] of the results of the study and investigation carried out pur- suant to this section and shall make additional reports thereafter at such times as he deems appropriate tak- ing into account the development of relevant data, but not less than once every twelve months.’’ INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS Pub. L. 92–500, § 7, Oct. 18, 1972, 86 Stat. 898, provided that: ‘‘The President shall undertake to enter into international agreement to apply uniform standards of performance for the control of the discharge and emis- sion of pollutants from new sources, uniform controls over the discharge and emission of toxic pollutants, and uniform controls over the discharge of pollutants into the ocean. For this purpose the President shall ne- gotiate multilateral treaties, conventions, resolutions, or other agreements, and formulate, present, or support proposals at the United Nations and other appropriate international forums.’’ NATIONAL POLICIES AND GOAL STUDY Pub. L. 92–500, § 10, Oct. 18, 1972, 86 Stat. 899, directed President to make a full and complete investigation and study of all national policies and goals established by law to determine what the relationship should be be- tween these policies and goals, taking into account the resources of the Nation, and to report results of his in- vestigation and study together with his recommenda- tions to Congress not later than two years after Oct. 18, 1972. EFFICIENCY STUDY Pub. L. 92–500, § 11, Oct. 18, 1972, 86 Stat. 899, directed President, by utilization of the General Accounting Of- fice, to conduct a full and complete investigation and study of ways and means of most effectively using all of the various resources, facilities, and personnel of the Federal Government in order to most efficiently carry out the provisions of this chapter and to report results of his investigation and study together with his rec- ommendations to Congress not later than two hundred and seventy days after Oct. 18, 1972. SEX DISCRIMINATION Pub. L. 92–500, § 13, Oct. 18, 1972, 86 Stat. 903, provided that: ‘‘No person in the United States shall on the ground of sex be excluded from participation in, be de- nied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving Federal assist- ance under this Act [see Short Title note above] the Federal Water Pollution Control Act [this chapter], or the Environmental Financing Act [set out as a note under section 1281 of this title]. This section shall be enforced through agency provisions and rules similar to those already established, with respect to racial and Page 355 TITLE 33—NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS § 1252 other discrimination, under title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 [section 2000d et seq. of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare]. However, this remedy is not ex- clusive and will not prejudice or cut off any other legal remedies available to a discriminatee.’’ DEFINITION OF ‘‘ADMINISTRATOR’’ Pub. L. 100–4, § 1(d), Feb. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 8, provided that: ‘‘For purposes of this Act [see Short Title of 1987 Amendment note above], the term ‘Administrator’ means the Administrator of the Environmental Protec- tion Agency.’’ Executive Documents STANDARDS For provisions relating to the responsibility of the head of each Executive agency for compliance with ap- plicable pollution control standards, see Ex. Ord. No. 12088, Oct. 13, 1978, 43 F.R. 47707, set out as a note under section 4321 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. CONTIGUOUS ZONE OF UNITED STATES For extension of contiguous zone of United States, see Proc. No. 7219, set out as a note under section 1331 of Title 43, Public Lands. PREVENTION, CONTROL, AND ABATEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AT FEDERAL FACILITIES Ex. Ord. No. 12088, Oct. 13, 1978, 43 F.R. 47707, set out as a note under section 4321 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, provides for the prevention, con- trol, and abatement of environmental pollution at fed- eral facilities. EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 11548 Ex. Ord. No. 11548, July 20, 1970, 35 F.R. 11677, which related to the delegation of Presidential functions, was superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 11735, Aug. 3, 1973, 38 F.R. 21243, formerly set out as a note under section 1321 of this title. EX. ORD. NO. 11742. DELEGATION OF FUNCTIONS TO SEC- RETARY OF STATE RESPECTING THE NEGOTIATION OF INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS RELATING TO THE EN- HANCEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT Ex. Ord. No. 11742, Oct. 23, 1973, 38 F.R. 29457, pro- vided: Under and by virtue of the authority vested in me by section 301 of title 3 of the United States Code and as President of the United States, I hereby authorize and empower the Secretary of State, in coordination with the Council on Environmental Quality, the Environ- mental Protection Agency, and other appropriate Fed- eral agencies, to perform, without the approval, ratifi- cation, or other action of the President, the functions vested in the President by Section 7 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 (Pub- lic Law 92–500; 86 Stat. 898) with respect to inter- national agreements relating to the enhancement of the environment. RICHARD NIXON. § 1252. Comprehensive programs for water pollu- tion control (a) Preparation and development The Administrator shall, after careful inves- tigation, and in cooperation with other Federal agencies, State water pollution control agen- cies, interstate agencies, and the municipalities and industries involved, prepare or develop com- prehensive programs for preventing, reducing, or eliminating the pollution of the navigable wa- ters and ground waters and improving the sani- tary condition of surface and underground wa- ters. In the development of such comprehensive programs due regard shall be given to the im- provements which are necessary to conserve such waters for the protection and propagation of fish and aquatic life and wildlife, recreational purposes, and the withdrawal of such waters for public water supply, agricultural, industrial, and other purposes. For the purpose of this sec- tion, the Administrator is authorized to make joint investigations with any such agencies of the condition of any waters in any State or States, and of the discharges of any sewage, in- dustrial wastes, or substance which may ad- versely affect such waters. (b) Planning for reservoirs; storage for regula- tion of streamflow (1) In the survey or planning of any reservoir by the Corps of Engineers, Bureau of Reclama- tion, or other Federal agency, consideration shall be given to inclusion of storage for regula- tion of streamflow, except that any such storage and water releases shall not be provided as a substitute for adequate treatment or other methods of controlling waste at the source. (2) The need for and the value of storage for regulation of streamflow (other than for water quality) including but not limited to navigation, salt water intrusion, recreation, esthetics, and fish and wildlife, shall be determined by the Corps of Engineers, Bureau of Reclamation, or other Federal agencies. (3) The need for, the value of, and the impact of, storage for water quality control shall be de- termined by the Administrator, and his views on these matters shall be set forth in any report or presentation to Congress proposing authoriza- tion or construction of any reservoir including such storage. (4) The value of such storage shall be taken into account in determining the economic value of the entire project of which it is a part, and costs shall be allocated to the purpose of regula- tion of streamflow in a manner which will in- sure that all project purposes, share equitably in the benefit of multiple-purpose construction. (5) Costs of regulation of streamflow features incorporated in any Federal reservoir or other impoundment under the provisions of this chap- ter shall be determined and the beneficiaries identified and if the benefits are widespread or national in scope, the costs of such features shall be nonreimbursable. (6) No license granted by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission for a hydroelectric power project shall include storage for regula- tion of streamflow for the purpose of water qual- ity control unless the Administrator shall rec- ommend its inclusion and such reservoir storage capacity shall not exceed such proportion of the total storage required for the water quality con- trol plan as the drainage area of such reservoir bears to the drainage area of the river basin or basins involved in such water quality control plan. (c) Basins; grants to State agencies (1) The Administrator shall, at the request of the Governor of a State, or a majority of the Governors when more than one State is in- volved, make a grant to pay not to exceed 50 per centum of the administrative expenses of a plan-