22 U.S.C. § 2218 — Utilization of democratic institutions in

Page 692 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 2216 Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries REFERENCES TO SUBCHAPTER I DEEMED TO INCLUDE CERTAIN PARTS OF SUBCHAPTER II References to subchapter I of this chapter are deemed to include parts IV (§ 2346 et seq.), VI (§ 2348 et seq.), and VIII (§ 2349aa et seq.) of subchapter II of this chapter, and references to subchapter II are deemed to exclude such parts. See section 202(b) of Pub. L. 92–226, set out as a note under section 2346 of this title, and sections 2348c and 2349aa–5 of this title. CHANGE OF NAME Committee on International Relations of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Foreign Af- fairs of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Tenth Congress, Jan. 5, 2007. SUBPART VII—EVALUATION OF PROGRAMS § 2216. Repealed. Pub. L. 95–424, title I, § 102(g)(1)(A), Oct. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 942 Section, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, § 261, as added Pub. L. 88–205, pt. I, § 107, Dec. 16, 1963, 77 Stat. 383, related to appointment of a committee to review and evaluate economic development program for less developed countries. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF REPEAL Repeal effective Oct. 1, 1978, see section 605 of Pub. L. 95–424, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 2151 of this title. SUBPART VIII—SOUTHEAST ASIA MULTILATERAL AND REGIONAL PROGRAMS §§ 2217, 2217a. Repealed. Pub. L. 95–424, title I, § 102(g)(1)(A), Oct. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 942 Section 2217, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, § 271, as added Pub. L. 89–583, pt. I, § 106, Sept. 19, 1966, 80 Stat. 799, set forth sense of Congress that acceleration of social and eco- nomic progress would be served by an expanded effort by countries of southeast Asia and other interested countries in cooperative programs. Section 2217a, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, § 272, as added Pub. L. 89–583, pt. I, § 106, Sept. 19, 1966, 80 Stat. 800, related to a number of criteria to be taken into account in pro- viding assistance under the Southeast Asia Multilat- eral and Regional Programs. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF REPEAL Repeal effective Oct. 1, 1978, see section 605 of Pub. L. 95–424, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 2151 of this title. § 2217b. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–137, pt. I, § 107, Nov. 14, 1967, 81 Stat. 452 Section, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, § 273, as added Pub. L. 89–583, pt. I, § 106, Sept. 19, 1966, 80 Stat. 800, prescribed a $10,000,000 limitation on use of funds for promotion of social and economic development and stability in southeast Asia. SUBPART IX—UTILIZATION OF DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS IN DEVELOPMENT § 2218. Utilization of democratic institutions in development (a) Popular participation through encourage- ment of democratic institutions In carrying out programs authorized in this part and part I of this subchapter, emphasis shall be placed on assuring maximum participa- tion in the task of economic development on the part of the people of the developing countries, through the encouragement of democratic pri- vate and local governmental institutions. (b) Human and intellectual resources; self-gov- ernment through civic education and train- ing in requisite skills In order to carry out the purposes of this sec- tion programs under this part and part I of this subchapter shall— (1) recognize the differing needs, desires, and capacities of the people of the respective de- veloping countries and areas; (2) use the intellectual resources of such countries and areas in conjunction with assist- ance provided under this chapter so as to en- courage the development of indigenous insti- tutions that meet their particular require- ments for sustained economic and social progress; and (3) support civic education and training in skills required for effective participation in governmental and political processes essential to self-government. (c) Political, social, and related obstacles to de- velopment; democratic social and political trends In the allocation of funds for research under this part and part I of this subchapter, emphasis shall be given to research designed to examine the political, social, and related obstacles to de- velopment in countries receiving assistance under subchapter I of this chapter. In particular, emphasis should be given to research designed to increase understanding of the ways in which development assistance can support democratic social and political trends in recipient coun- tries. (d) Implementation of objectives through appli- cation of experience gained from program evaluation Emphasis shall also be given to the evaluation of relevant past and current programs under subchapter I of this chapter and to applying this experience so as to strengthen their effective- ness in implementing the objectives of this sec- tion. (e) Inservice training programs In order to carry out the purposes of this sec- tion, the agency primarily responsible for ad- ministering subchapter I of this chapter shall develop systematic programs of inservice train- ing to familiarize its personnel with the objec- tives of this section and to increase their knowl- edge of the political and social aspects of devel- opment. In addition to other funds available for such purposes, not to exceed 1 per centum of the funds authorized to be appropriated for grant as- sistance under this part and part I of this sub- chapter may be used for carrying out the objec- tives of this subsection. (Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, § 281, as added Pub. L. 89–583, pt. I, § 106, Sept. 19, 1966, 80 Stat. 800; amended Pub. L. 90–137, pt. I, § 108, Nov. 14, 1967, 81 Stat. 452; Pub. L. 90–554, pt. I, § 106, Oct. 8, 1968, 82 Stat. 961; Pub. L. 95–424, title I, § 102(g)(2)(A), Oct. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 942.) Page 693 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 2220a Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT This chapter, referred to in subsec. (b)(2), was in the original ‘‘this Act’’, meaning Pub. L. 87–195, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 424, known as the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2151 of this title and Tables. AMENDMENTS 1978—Subsecs. (a), (b), (c), (e). Pub. L. 95–424 inserted ‘‘and part 1 of this subchapter’’ after ‘‘this part’’. 1968—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 90–554, § 106(a), emphasized research designed to increase understanding of ways in which development assistance can support democratic social and political trends in recipient countries. Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 90–554, § 106(b), added subsec. (e). 1967—Pub. L. 90–137 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsecs. (b) to (d). Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries REFERENCES TO SUBCHAPTER I DEEMED TO INCLUDE CERTAIN PARTS OF SUBCHAPTER II References to subchapter I of this chapter are deemed to include parts IV (§ 2346 et seq.), VI (§ 2348 et seq.), and VIII (§ 2349aa et seq.) of subchapter II of this chapter, and references to subchapter II are deemed to exclude such parts. See section 202(b) of Pub. L. 92–226, set out as a note under section 2346 of this title, and sections 2348c and 2349aa–5 of this title. REFERENCES TO PART I DEEMED TO INCLUDE SECTION 2293 References to part I of this subchapter are deemed to include a reference to section 2293 of this title. See sec- tion 2293(d)(1) of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1978 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 95–424 effective Oct. 1, 1978, see section 605 of Pub. L. 95–424, set out as a note under section 2151 of this title. SUBPART X—PROGRAMS RELATING TO POPULATION GROWTH AND FAMILY PLANNING §§ 2219, 2219a. Repealed. Pub. L. 95–424, title I, § 104(b), Oct. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 947 Section 2219, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, § 291, as added Pub. L. 90–137, pt. I, § 109, Nov. 14, 1967, 81 Stat. 452, set forth a general statement of policy concerning population growth and family planning. Section 2219a, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, § 292, as added Pub. L. 90–137, pt. I, § 109, Nov. 14, 1967, 81 Stat. 453; amended Pub. L. 90–554, pt. I, § 107, Oct. 8, 1968, 82 Stat. 962; Pub. L. 91–175, pt. I, § 107, Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 818; Pub. L. 92–226, pt. I, § 106, Feb. 7, 1972, 86 Stat. 23; Pub. L. 93–189, § 8, Dec. 17, 1973, 87 Stat. 718; Pub. L. 93–559, § 4(2), Dec. 30, 1974, 88 Stat. 1795, related to the availability of funds on a loan or grant basis to carry out the purposes of this subpart. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF REPEAL Repeal effective Oct. 1, 1978, see section 605 of Pub. L. 95–424, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 2151 of this title. SUBPART XI—FOOD PRODUCTION TARGETS AND REPORTS § 2220. Repealed. Pub. L. 95–424, title V, § 502(d)(1), Oct. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 959 Section, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, § 295, as added Pub. L. 90–137, pt. I, § 109, Nov. 14, 1967, 81 Stat. 453, related to reports and recommendations to Congress by the Presi- dent for each country receiving assistance under this chapter which the President finds has a substantial food deficit. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF REPEAL Repeal effective Oct. 1, 1978, see section 605 of Pub. L. 95–424, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 2151 of this title. SUBPART XII—FAMINE PREVENTION AND FREEDOM FROM HUNGER § 2220a. General provisions (a) Congressional objectives and findings The Congress declares that, in order to achieve the mutual goals among nations of en- suring food security, human health, agricultural growth, trade expansion, and the wise and sus- tainable use of natural resources, the United States should mobilize the capacities of the United States land-grant universities, other eli- gible universities, and public and private part- ners of universities in the United States and other countries, consistent with sections 2151a and 2151a–1 of this title, for: (1) global research on problems affecting food, agriculture, for- estry, and fisheries; (2) improved human capac- ity and institutional resource development for the global application of agricultural and re- lated environmental sciences; (3) agricultural development and trade research and extension services in the United States and other coun- tries to support the entry of rural industries into world markets; and (4) providing for the ap- plication of agricultural sciences to solving food, health, nutrition, rural income, and envi- ronmental problems, especially such problems in low-income, food deficit countries. The Congress so declares because it finds— (A) that the establishment, endowment, and continuing support of land-grant universities in the United States by Federal, State, and county governments has led to agricultural progress with and through the private sector in this country and to understanding processes of economic development; (B) that land-grant and other universities in the United States have demonstrated over many years their ability to cooperate with international agencies, educational and re- search institutions in other countries, the pri- vate sector, and nongovernmental organiza- tions worldwide, in expanding global agricul- tural production, processing, business and trade, to the benefit of aid recipient countries and of the United States; (C) that, in a world of growing populations with rising expectations, increased food pro- duction and improved distribution, storage, and marketing in the developing countries is necessary not only to prevent hunger and en- sure human health and child survival, but to build the basis for economic growth and trade, and the social security in which democracy and a market economy can thrive, and more- over, that the greatest potential for increasing world food supplies and incomes to purchase food is in the developing countries where the