42 U.S.C. § 2011 — Congressional declaration of policy

Page 5360 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 2011 Sec. 2297f–2. Regulation of Restricted Data. SUBCHAPTER VII—DECONTAMINATION AND DECOMMISSIONING 2297g. Uranium Enrichment Decontamination and Decommissioning Fund. 2297g–1. Deposits. 2297g–2. Department facilities. 2297g–3. Employee provisions. 2297g–4. Reports to Congress. SUBCHAPTER VIII—UNITED STATES ENRICHMENT CORPORATION PRIVATIZATION 2297h. Definitions. 2297h–1. Sale of Corporation. 2297h–2. Method of sale. 2297h–3. Establishment of private corporation. 2297h–4. Transfers to private corporation. 2297h–5. Leasing of gaseous diffusion facilities. 2297h–6. Transfer of contracts. 2297h–7. Liabilities. 2297h–8. Employee protections. 2297h–9. Ownership limitations. 2297h–10. Uranium transfers and sales. 2297h–10a. Incentives for additional downblending of highly enriched uranium by the Rus- sian Federation. 2297h–10b. Secretarial determinations; congres- sional notification. 2297h–11. Low-level waste. 2297h–12. AVLIS. 2297h–13. Application of certain laws. Editorial Notes CODIFICATION The Atomic Energy Act of 1954, which is classified principally to this chapter, is act Aug. 1, 1946, ch. 724. It was originally enacted as the Atomic Energy Act of 1946, act Aug. 1, 1946, ch. 724, 60 Stat. 755, which con- sisted of sections 1 to 21 and was classified generally to chapter 14 (§ 1801 et seq.) of this title. The Atomic En- ergy Act of 1946 was renamed the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 and amended generally by act Aug. 30, 1954, ch. 1073, § 1, 68 Stat. 919, and was subsequently transferred to this chapter. Sections that were enacted as part of the 1954 general amendment are shown herein as having been added to act Aug. 1, 1946, and not as amending it, due to the extensive revision and restatement of the 1946 Act’s provisions by the 1954 Act. Sections added to the Act after the 1954 general amendment are shown as being added directly to act Aug. 1, 1946, without ref- erence in their source credits to act Aug. 30, 1954. Division A—Atomic Energy SUBCHAPTER I—GENERAL PROVISIONS § 2011. Congressional declaration of policy Atomic energy is capable of application for peaceful as well as military purposes. It is there- fore declared to be the policy of the United States that— (a) the development, use, and control of atomic energy shall be directed so as to make the maximum contribution to the general wel- fare, subject at all times to the paramount ob- jective of making the maximum contribution to the common defense and security; and (b) the development, use, and control of atomic energy shall be directed so as to pro- mote world peace, improve the general wel- fare, increase the standard of living, and strengthen free competition in private enter- prise. (Aug. 1, 1946, ch. 724, title I, § 1, as added Aug. 30, 1954, ch. 1073, § 1, 68 Stat. 921; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 102–486, title IX, § 902(a)(8), Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 2944.) Editorial Notes PRIOR PROVISIONS A prior section 1 of act Aug. 1, 1946, ch. 724, 60 Stat. 755, which related to declaration of policy and purpose of former chapter 14 of this title, was classified to sec- tion 1801 of this title, prior to the general amendment and renumbering of act Aug. 1, 1946, by act Aug. 30, 1954. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries SHORT TITLE OF 2024 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 118–67, div. B, § 1(a), July 9, 2024, 138 Stat. 1448, provided that: ‘‘This division [enacting sections 2155b, 2201b, and 10109 of this title, amending sections 2014, 2133, 2134, 2215, 2231, 2235, 5843, and 16274a of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 2073, 2077, 2133, 2155, 2201, 2201b, 2215, 2235, and 16281 of this title, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 2133 and 2215 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Accelerating Deployment of Versatile, Advanced Nuclear for Clean Energy Act of 2024’ or the ‘ADVANCE Act of 2024’.’’ Pub. L. 118–62, § 1, May 13, 2024, 138 Stat. 1022, provided that: ‘‘This Act [amending section 2297h–10a of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 2297h–10a of this title] may be cited as the ‘Pro- hibiting Russian Uranium Imports Act’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2022 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 117–139, § 1, June 7, 2022, 136 Stat. 1258, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending provisions set out as a note under section 2210 of this title] may be cited as the ‘RECA Extension Act of 2022’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2019 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 115–439, § 1(a), Jan. 14, 2019, 132 Stat. 5565, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting section 2215 of this title, amending sections 2134 and 2214 of this title, re- pealing section 2214 of this title, and enacting provi- sions set out as notes under sections 2133, 2134, 2214, and 2215 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Nuclear Energy Innovation and Modernization Act’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2015 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 114–17, § 1, May 22, 2015, 129 Stat. 201, provided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting section 2160e of this title] may be cited as the ‘Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act of 2015’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2013 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 112–239, div. C, title XXXI, § 3171, Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 2211, provided that: ‘‘This subtitle [subtitle F (§§ 3171–3178) of title XXXI of div. C of Pub. L. 112–239, enacting sections 2065 and 2142 of this title, amending section 2160d of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 2065 of this title] may be cited as the ‘American Medical Isotopes Production Act of 2012’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2005 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 109–58, title VI, § 601, Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 779, provided that: ‘‘This subtitle [subtitle A (§§ 601–610) of title VI of Pub. L. 109–58, amending sections 2210 and 2282a of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 2210 and 2282a of this title] may be cited as the ‘Price-Anderson Amendments Act of 2005’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2000 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 106–245, § 1, July 10, 2000, 114 Stat. 501, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting section 285a–9 of this title and enacting and amending provisions set out as notes under section 2210 of this title] may be cited as Page 5361 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 2012 the ‘Radiation Exposure Compensation Act Amend- ments of 2000’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1996 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 104–134, title III, § 3101, Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321–335, provided that: ‘‘This subchapter [subch. A (§§ 3101–3117) of ch. 1 of title III of Pub. L. 104–134, enact- ing sections 2297h to 2297h–13 of this title, amending sections 2014, 2239, 2243, 2282, 2296b–7, 2297f, and 2297f–1 of this title and section 9101 of Title 31, Money and Fi- nance, repealing sections 2297 to 2297e–7 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 2297 of this title and section 9101 of Title 31] may be cited as the ‘USEC Privatization Act’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1988 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 100–408, § 1, Aug. 20, 1988, 102 Stat. 1066, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting section 2282a of this title, amending sections 2014, 2210, and 2273 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 2014 and 2210 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Price- Anderson Amendments Act of 1988’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1964 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 88–489, § 21, Aug. 26, 1964, 78 Stat. 607, provided that: ‘‘This Act [amending sections 2012, 2013, 2073 to 2078, 2135, 2153, 2201, 2221, 2233, and 2234 of this title, re- pealing section 2072 of this title, and enacting provi- sions set out as notes under sections 2012 and 2072 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Private Ownership of Special Nuclear Materials Act’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1958 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 85–846, § 1, Aug. 28, 1958, 72 Stat. 1084, provided: ‘‘That this Act [enacting sections 2291 to 2296 of this title] may be cited as the ‘EURATOM Cooperation Act of 1958’.’’ SHORT TITLE Act Aug. 1, 1946, ch. 724, title I, § 291, as added by act Aug. 30, 1954, ch. 1073, § 1, 68 Stat. 960; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 102–486, title IX, § 902(a)(8), Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 2944, provided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting this chapter, amending sections 190j and 622 of Title 2, The Congress, and repealing sections 2251 to 2257 and 2315 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Atomic Energy Act of 1954’.’’ SAVINGS CLAUSE Pub. L. 118–67, div. B, title VI, § 603, July 9, 2024, 138 Stat. 1482, provided that: ‘‘Nothing in this Act [prob- ably means ‘‘this division’’, see Short Title of 2024 Amendment note above] affects authorities of the De- partment of State.’’ SEPARABILITY Act Aug. 1, 1946, ch. 724, title I, § 281, as added by act Aug. 30, 1954, § 1; renumbered title I, Oct. 24, 1992, Pub. L. 102–486, title IX, § 902(a)(8), 106 Stat. 2944, provided that: ‘‘If any provision of this Act [see Short Title note above] or the application of such provision to any per- son or circumstances, is held invalid, the remainder of this Act or the application of such provision to persons or circumstances other than those as to which it is held invalid, shall not be affected thereby.’’ TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS Atomic Energy Commission abolished and functions transferred by sections 5814 and 5841 of this title. See also Transfer of Functions notes set out under those sections. DEFINITIONS Pub. L. 118–67, div. B, § 2, July 9, 2024, 138 Stat. 1449, provided that: ‘‘In this division [see Short Title of 2024 Amendment note above]: ‘‘(1) ACCIDENT TOLERANT FUEL.—The term ‘accident tolerant fuel’ has the meaning given the term in sec- tion 107(a) of the Nuclear Energy Innovation and Modernization Act (Public Law 115–439; 132 Stat. 5577). ‘‘(2) ADMINISTRATOR.—The term ‘Administrator’ means the Administrator of the Environmental Pro- tection Agency. ‘‘(3) ADVANCED NUCLEAR FUEL.—The term ‘advanced nuclear fuel’ means— ‘‘(A) advanced nuclear reactor fuel; and ‘‘(B) accident tolerant fuel. ‘‘(4) ADVANCED NUCLEAR REACTOR.—The term ‘ad- vanced nuclear reactor’ has the meaning given the term in section 3 of the Nuclear Energy Innovation and Modernization Act (42 U.S.C. 2215 note; Public Law 115–439). ‘‘(5) ADVANCED NUCLEAR REACTOR FUEL.—The term ‘advanced nuclear reactor fuel’ has the meaning given the term in section 3 of the Nuclear Energy Innova- tion and Modernization Act (42 U.S.C. 2215 note; Pub- lic Law 115–439). ‘‘(6) APPROPRIATE COMMITTEES OF CONGRESS.—The term ‘appropriate committees of Congress’ means— ‘‘(A) the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate; and ‘‘(B) the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives. ‘‘(7) COMMISSION.—The term ‘Commission’ means the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. ‘‘(8) INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION.—The term ‘institution of higher education’ has the meaning given the term in section 101(a) of the Higher Edu- cation Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001(a)). ‘‘(9) NATIONAL LABORATORY.—The term ‘National Laboratory’ has the meaning given the term in sec- tion 2 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 15801).’’ § 2012. Congressional findings The Congress of the United States makes the following findings concerning the development, use, and control of atomic energy: (a) The development, utilization, and control of atomic energy for military and for all other purposes are vital to the common defense and security. (b) Repealed. Pub. L. 88–489, § 1, Aug. 26, 1964, 78 Stat. 602. (c) The processing and utilization of source, byproduct, and special nuclear material affect interstate and foreign commerce and must be regulated in the national interest. (d) The processing and utilization of source, byproduct, and special nuclear material must be regulated in the national interest and in order to provide for the common defense and security and to protect the health and safety of the pub- lic. (e) Source and special nuclear material, pro- duction facilities, and utilization facilities are affected with the public interest, and regulation by the United States of the production and utili- zation of atomic energy and of the facilities used in connection therewith is necessary in the national interest to assure the common defense and security and to protect the health and safe- ty of the public. (f) The necessity for protection against pos- sible interstate damage occurring from the oper- ation of facilities for the production or utiliza- tion of source or special nuclear material places the operation of those facilities in interstate commerce for the purposes of this chapter. (g) Funds of the United States may be pro- vided for the development and use of atomic en- ergy under conditions which will provide for the