16 U.S.C. § 1802 — Definitions

Page 1999 TITLE 16—CONSERVATION § 1802 (b) In addition to the Co-Chairs, the Seafood Trade Task Force shall include the following members, or their designees: (i) the Secretary of State; (ii) the Secretary of the Interior; (iii) the Secretary of Agriculture; (iv) the Secretary of Homeland Security; (v) the Director of the Office of Management and Budget; (vi) the Assistant to the President for Economic Pol- icy; (vii) the Assistant to the President for Domestic Pol- icy; (viii) the Chairman of the Council of Economic Advis- ers; (ix) the Under Secretary of Commerce for Inter- national Trade; (x) the Commissioner of Food and Drugs; (xi) the Administrator of NOAA; and (xii) the heads of such other agencies and offices as the Co-Chairs may designate. (c) Within 90 days of the date of this order, the Sea- food Trade Task Force shall provide recommendations to the Office of the United States Trade Representative in the preparation of a comprehensive interagency sea- food trade strategy that identifies opportunities to im- prove access to foreign markets through trade policy and negotiations, resolves technical barriers to United States seafood exports, and otherwise supports fair market access for United States seafood products. (d) Within 90 days of the date on which the Seafood Trade Task Force provides the recommendations de- scribed in subsection (c) of this section, the Office of the United States Trade Representative, in consulta- tion with the Trade Policy Staff Committee and the Seafood Trade Task Force, shall submit to the Presi- dent, through the Assistant to the President for Eco- nomic Policy and the Assistant to the President for Do- mestic Policy, the comprehensive interagency seafood trade strategy described in subsection (c) of this sec- tion. SEC. 12. General Provisions. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect: (i) the authority granted by law to an executive de- partment or agency, or the head thereof; or (ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Man- agement and Budget relating to budgetary, administra- tive, or legislative proposals. (b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appro- priations. (c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforce- able at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person. DONALD J. TRUMP. § 1802. Definitions As used in this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires— (1) The term ‘‘anadromous species’’ means species of fish which spawn in fresh or estua- rine waters of the United States and which mi- grate to ocean waters. (2) The term ‘‘bycatch’’ means fish which are harvested in a fishery, but which are not sold or kept for personal use, and includes eco- nomic discards and regulatory discards. Such term does not include fish released alive under a recreational catch and release fishery man- agement program. (3) The term ‘‘charter fishing’’ means fishing from a vessel carrying a passenger for hire (as defined in section 2101(30) of title 46) who is en- gaged in recreational fishing. (4) The term ‘‘commercial fishing’’ means fishing in which the fish harvested, either in whole or in part, are intended to enter com- merce or enter commerce through sale, barter or trade. (5) The term ‘‘conservation and manage- ment’’ refers to all of the rules, regulations, conditions, methods, and other measures (A) which are required to rebuild, restore, or maintain, and which are useful in rebuilding, restoring, or maintaining, any fishery re- source and the marine environment; and (B) which are designed to assure that— (i) a supply of food and other products may be taken, and that recreational benefits may be obtained, on a continuing basis; (ii) irreversible or long-term adverse ef- fects on fishery resources and the marine en- vironment are avoided; and (iii) there will be a multiplicity of options available with respect to future uses of these resources. (6) The term ‘‘Continental Shelf’’ means the seabed and subsoil of the submarine areas ad- jacent to the coast, but outside the area of the territorial sea, of the United States, to a depth of 200 meters or, beyond that limit, to where the depth of the superjacent waters admits of the exploitation of the natural resources of such areas. (7) The term ‘‘Continental Shelf fishery re- sources’’ means the following: CNIDARIA Bamboo Coral—Acanella spp.; Black Coral—Antipathes spp.; Gold Coral—Callogorgia spp.; Precious Red Coral—Corallium spp.; Bamboo Coral—Keratoisis spp.; and Gold Coral—Parazoanthus spp. CRUSTACEA Tanner Crab—Chionoecetes tanneri; Tanner Crab—Chionoecetes opilio; Tanner Crab—Chionoecetes angulatus; Tanner Crab—Chionoecetes bairdi; King Crab—Paralithodes camtschatica; King Crab—Paralithodes platypus; King Crab—Paralithodes brevipes; Lobster—Homarus americanus; Dungeness Crab—Cancer magister; California King Crab—Paralithodes cali- forniensis; California King Crab—Paralithodes rath- buni; Golden King Crab—Lithodes aequispinus; Northern Stone Crab—Lithodes maja; Stone Crab—Menippe mercenaria; and Deep-sea Red Crab—Chaceon quinquedens. MOLLUSKS Red Abalone—Haliotis rufescens; Pink Abalone—Haliotis corrugata; Japanese Abalone—Haliotis kamtschat- kana; Queen Conch—Strombus gigas; Surf Clam—Spisula solidissima; and Ocean Quahog—Arctica islandica. SPONGES Glove Sponge—Spongia cheiris; Page 2000 TITLE 16—CONSERVATION § 1802 Sheepswool Sponge—Hippiospongia lachne; Grass Sponge—Spongia graminea; and Yellow Sponge—Spongia barbera. If the Secretary determines, after consulta- tion with the Secretary of State, that living organisms of any other sedentary species are, at the harvestable stage, either— (A) immobile on or under the seabed, or (B) unable to move except in constant physical contact with the seabed or subsoil, of the Continental Shelf which appertains to the United States, and publishes notice of such determination in the Federal Register, such sedentary species shall be considered to be added to the foregoing list and included in such term for purposes of this chapter. (8) The term ‘‘Council’’ means any Regional Fishery Management Council established under section 1852 of this title. (9) The term ‘‘economic discards’’ means fish which are the target of a fishery, but which are not retained because they are of an unde- sirable size, sex, or quality, or for other eco- nomic reasons. (10) The term ‘‘essential fish habitat’’ means those waters and substrate necessary to fish for spawning, breeding, feeding or growth to maturity. (11) The term ‘‘exclusive economic zone’’ means the zone established by Proclamation Numbered 5030, dated March 10, 1983. For pur- poses of applying this chapter, the inner boundary of that zone is a line coterminous with the seaward boundary of each of the coastal States. (12) The term ‘‘fish’’ means finfish, mol- lusks, crustaceans, and all other forms of ma- rine animal and plant life other than marine mammals and birds. (13) The term ‘‘fishery’’ means— (A) one or more stocks of fish which can be treated as a unit for purposes of conserva- tion and management and which are identi- fied on the basis of geographical, scientific, technical, recreational, and economic char- acteristics; and (B) any fishing for such stocks. (14) The term ‘‘regional fishery association’’ means an association formed for the mutual benefit of members— (A) to meet social and economic needs in a region or subregion; and (B) comprised of persons engaging in the harvest or processing of fishery resources in that specific region or subregion or who oth- erwise own or operate businesses substan- tially dependent upon a fishery. (15) The term ‘‘fishery resource’’ means any fishery, any stock of fish, any species of fish, and any habitat of fish. (16) The term ‘‘fishing’’ means— (A) the catching, taking, or harvesting of fish; (B) the attempted catching, taking, or har- vesting of fish; (C) any other activity which can reason- ably be expected to result in the catching, taking, or harvesting of fish; or (D) any operations at sea in support of, or in preparation for, any activity described in subparagraphs (A) through (C). Such term does not include any scientific re- search activity which is conducted by a sci- entific research vessel. (17) The term ‘‘fishing community’’ means a community which is substantially dependent on or substantially engaged in the harvest or processing of fishery resources to meet social and economic needs, and includes fishing ves- sel owners, operators, and crew and United States fish processors that are based in such community. (18) The term ‘‘fishing vessel’’ means any vessel, boat, ship, or other craft which is used for, equipped to be used for, or of a type which is normally used for— (A) fishing; or (B) aiding or assisting one or more vessels at sea in the performance of any activity re- lating to fishing, including, but not limited to, preparation, supply, storage, refrigera- tion, transportation, or processing. (19) The term ‘‘foreign fishing’’ means fish- ing by a vessel other than a vessel of the United States. (20) The term ‘‘high seas’’ means all waters beyond the territorial sea of the United States and beyond any foreign nation’s territorial sea, to the extent that such sea is recognized by the United States. (21) The term ‘‘highly migratory species’’ means tuna species, marlin (Tetrapturus spp. and Makaira spp.), oceanic sharks, sailfishes (Istiophorus spp.), and swordfish (Xiphias gladius). (22) The term ‘‘import’’— (A) means to land on, bring into, or intro- duce into, or attempt to land on, bring into, or introduce into, any place subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, whether or not such landing, bringing, or introduction constitutes an importation within the mean- ing of the customs laws of the United States; but (B) does not include any activity described in subparagraph (A) with respect to fish caught in the exclusive economic zone or by a vessel of the United States. (23) The term ‘‘individual fishing quota’’ means a Federal permit under a limited access system to harvest a quantity of fish, expressed by a unit or units representing a percentage of the total allowable catch of a fishery that may be received or held for exclusive use by a per- son. Such term does not include community development quotas as described in section 1855(i) of this title. (24) The term ‘‘international fishery agree- ment’’ means any bilateral or multilateral treaty, convention, or agreement which re- lates to fishing and to which the United States is a party. (25) The term ‘‘large-scale driftnet fishing’’ means a method of fishing in which a gillnet composed of a panel or panels of webbing, or a series of such gillnets, with a total length of two and one-half kilometers or more, or with a mesh size of 14 inches or greater, is placed in the water and allowed to drift with the cur- rents and winds for the purpose of entangling fish in the webbing. Page 2001 TITLE 16—CONSERVATION § 1802 1 See Codification note below. (26) The term ‘‘limited access privilege’’— (A) means a Federal permit, issued as part of a limited access system under section 1853a of this title to harvest a quantity of fish expressed by a unit or units rep- resenting a portion of the total allowable catch of the fishery that may be received or held for exclusive use by a person; and (B) includes an individual fishing quota; but (C) does not include community develop- ment quotas as described in section 1855(i) of this title. (27) The term ‘‘limited access system’’ means a system that limits participation in a fishery to those satisfying certain eligibility criteria or requirements contained in a fishery management plan or associated regulation. (28) The term ‘‘Marine Fisheries Commis- sion’’ means the Atlantic States Marine Fish- eries Commission, the Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission, or the Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission. (29) The term ‘‘migratory range’’ means the maximum area at a given time of the year within which fish of an anadromous species or stock thereof can be expected to be found, as determined on the basis of scale pattern anal- ysis, tagging studies, or other reliable sci- entific information, except that the term does not include any part of such area which is in the waters of a foreign nation. (30) The term ‘‘national standards’’ means the national standards for fishery conserva- tion and management set forth in section 1851 of this title. (31) The term ‘‘observer’’ means any person required or authorized to be carried on a ves- sel for conservation and management purposes by regulations or permits under this chapter. (32) The term ‘‘observer information’’ means any information collected, observed, retrieved, or created by an observer or electronic moni- toring system pursuant to authorization by the Secretary, or collected as part of a cooper- ative research initiative, including fish har- vest or processing observations, fish sampling or weighing data, vessel logbook data, vessel or processor-specific information (including any safety, location, or operating condition observations), and video, audio, photographic, or written documents. (33) The term ‘‘optimum’’, with respect to the yield from a fishery, means the amount of fish which— (A) will provide the greatest overall ben- efit to the Nation, particularly with respect to food production and recreational opportu- nities, and taking into account the protec- tion of marine ecosystems; (B) is prescribed on the basis of the max- imum sustainable yield from the fishery, as reduced by any relevant social, economic, or ecological factor; and (C) in the case of an overfished fishery, provides for rebuilding to a level consistent with producing the maximum sustainable yield in such fishery. (34) The terms ‘‘overfishing’’ and ‘‘over- fished’’ mean a rate or level of fishing mor- tality that jeopardizes the capacity of a fish- ery to produce the maximum sustainable yield on a continuing basis. (35) The term ‘‘Pacific Insular Area’’ means American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mar- iana Islands, Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Island, Wake Island, or Palmyra Atoll, as applicable, and includes all islands and reefs appurtenant to such island, reef, or atoll. (36) The term ‘‘person’’ means any individual (whether or not a citizen or national of the United States), any corporation, partnership, association, or other entity (whether or not organized or existing under the laws of any State), and any Federal, State, local, or for- eign government or any entity of any such government. (37) The term ‘‘recreational fishing’’ means fishing for sport or pleasure. (38) The term ‘‘regulatory discards’’ means fish harvested in a fishery which fishermen are required by regulation to discard whenever caught, or are required by regulation to retain but not sell. (39) The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means the Sec- retary of Commerce or his designee. (40) The term ‘‘State’’ means each of the sev- eral States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, Guam, and any other Commonwealth, territory, or possession of the United States. (41) 1 The term ‘‘special areas’’ means the areas referred to as eastern special areas in Article 3(1) of the Agreement between the United States of America and the Union of So- viet Socialist Republics on the Maritime Boundary, signed June 1, 1990. In particular, the term refers to those areas east of the mar- itime boundary, as defined in that Agreement, that lie within 200 nautical miles of the base- lines from which the breadth of the territorial sea of Russia is measured but beyond 200 nau- tical miles of the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea of the United States is measured. (42) The term ‘‘stock of fish’’ means a spe- cies, subspecies, geographical grouping, or other category of fish capable of management as a unit. (43) The term ‘‘treaty’’ means any inter- national fishery agreement which is a treaty within the meaning of section 2 of article II of the Constitution. (44) The term ‘‘tuna species’’ means the fol- lowing: Albacore Tuna—Thunnus alalunga; Bigeye Tuna—Thunnus obesus; Bluefin Tuna—Thunnus thynnus; Skipjack Tuna—Katsuwonus pelamis; and Yellowfin Tuna—Thunnus albacares. (45) The term ‘‘United States’’, when used in a geographical context, means all the States thereof. (46) The term ‘‘United States fish proc- essors’’ means facilities located within the Page 2002 TITLE 16—CONSERVATION § 1802 United States for, and vessels of the United States used or equipped for, the processing of fish for commercial use or consumption. (47) The term ‘‘United States harvested fish’’ means fish caught, taken, or harvested by ves- sels of the United States within any fishery regulated under this chapter. (48) The term ‘‘vessel of the United States’’ means— (A) any vessel documented under chapter 121 of title 46; (B) any vessel numbered in accordance with chapter 123 of title 46 and measuring less than 5 net tons; (C) any vessel numbered in accordance with chapter 123 of title 46 and used exclu- sively for pleasure; or (D) any vessel not equipped with propul- sion machinery of any kind and used exclu- sively for pleasure. (49) The term ‘‘vessel subject to the jurisdic- tion of the United States’’ has the same mean- ing such term has in section 70502(c) of title 46. (50) The term ‘‘waters of a foreign nation’’ means any part of the territorial sea or exclu- sive economic zone (or the equivalent) of a for- eign nation, to the extent such territorial sea or exclusive economic zone is recognized by the United States. (Pub. L. 94–265, § 3, Apr. 13, 1976, 90 Stat. 333; Pub. L. 95–354, § 3, Aug. 28, 1978, 92 Stat. 519; Pub. L. 97–453, § 15(a), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2492; Pub. L. 99–659, title I, §§ 101(a), 112, Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3706, 3715; Pub. L. 100–239, § 2, Jan. 11, 1988, 101 Stat. 1778; Pub. L. 101–627, title I, § 102(a), title X, § 1001(c), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4438, 4468; Pub. L. 102–251, title III, § 301(b), Mar. 9, 1992, 106 Stat. 62; Pub. L. 104–297, title I, § 102, Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3561; Pub. L. 109–479, § 3(b), (c), Jan. 12, 2007, 120 Stat. 3577, 3578; Pub. L. 115–232, div. C, title XXXV, § 3541(b)(2), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2323; Pub. L. 117–328, div. S, title I, § 102, Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5259.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original ‘‘this Act’’, meaning Pub. L. 94–265, Apr. 13, 1976, 90 Stat. 331, known as the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Con- servation and Management Act, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1801 of this title and Tables. Proclamation Numbered 5030, referred to in par. (11), is set out under section 1453 of this title. CODIFICATION In par. (49), ‘‘section 70502(c) of title 46’’ substituted for ‘‘section 3(c) of the Maritime Drug Law Enforce- ment Act (46 U.S.C. App. 1903(c))’’ on authority of Pub. L. 109–304, § 18(c), Oct. 6, 2006, 120 Stat. 1709, which Act enacted section 70502 of Title 46, Shipping. Pub. L. 102–251, § 301(b), which directed amendment of this section by adding a new par. (24) defining ‘‘special areas’’ and redesignating former pars. (24) to (32) as (25) to (33), respectively, was to be effective on the date on which the Agreement between the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Mari- time Boundary, signed June 1, 1990, enters into force for United States, but will not be executed, to reflect the probable intent of Congress, because the amend- ments would be inconsistent with the amendments by Pub. L. 104–297 which added par. (36) (now par. (41)) which is substantially identical to the par. (24) added by Pub. L. 102–251, made successive redesignations of pars. (2) to (44), and added and amended various other pars. See 1996 Amendment notes below and section 308 of Pub. L. 102–251, set out as an Effective Date of 1992 Amendment note under section 773 of this title. AMENDMENTS 2022—Par. (25). Pub. L. 117–328 inserted ‘‘, or with a mesh size of 14 inches or greater,’’ after ‘‘kilometers or more’’. 2018—Par. (3). Pub. L. 115–232 substituted ‘‘section 2101(30)’’ for ‘‘section 2101(21a)’’. 2007—Pub. L. 109–479 added pars. (13A) defining ‘‘re- gional fishery association’’, (20A) defining ‘‘import’’, (23A) defining ‘‘limited access privilege’’, (23B) defining ‘‘limited access system’’, and (27A) defining ‘‘observer information’’ and redesignated pars. (1) to (45) as (1) to (50), respectively. 1996—Pars. (2) to (6). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(1), added pars. (2) to (4) and redesignated former pars. (2) and (3) as (5) and (6), respectively. Former pars. (4) to (6) redes- ignated (7) to (9), respectively. Par. (7). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(2)(B), substituted ‘‘Deep- sea Red Crab—Chaceon quinquedens’’ for ‘‘Deep-sea Red Crab—Geryon quinquedens’’ in list under heading ‘‘Crustacea’’. Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(2)(A), which directed substi- tution of ‘‘Cnidaria’’ for ‘‘Coelenterata’’ in heading of list of corals, was executed by making the substitution for ‘‘Colenterata’’ in that heading to reflect the prob- able intent of Congress. Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(1), redesignated par. (4) as (7). Former par. (7) redesignated (10). Par. (8). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(1), redesignated par. (5) as (8). Former par. (8) redesignated (11). Par. (9). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(3), added par. (9). Former par. (9) redesignated (11). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(1), redesignated par. (6) as (9). Former par. (9) redesignated (12). Par. (10). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(3), added par. (10). Former par. (10) redesignated (12). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(1), redesignated par. (7) as (10). Former par. (10) redesignated (13). Pars. (11) to (15). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(3), redesignated pars. (9) to (13) as (11) to (15), respectively. Former pars. (14) and (15) redesignated (16) and (17), respectively. Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(1), redesignated pars. (8) to (12) as (11) to (15), respectively. Former pars. (13) to (15) re- designated (16) to (18), respectively. Par. (16). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(4), added par. (16). Former par. (16) redesignated (17). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(3), redesignated par. (14) as (16). Former par. (16) redesignated (18). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(1), redesignated par. (13) as (16). Former par. (16) redesignated (19). Pars. (17) to (20). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(4), redesignated pars. (16) to (19) as (17) to (20), respectively. Former par. (20) redesignated (21). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(3), redesignated pars. (15) to (18) as (17) to (20), respectively. Former pars. (19) and (20) redesignated (21) and (22), respectively. Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(1), redesignated pars. (14) to (17) as (17) to (20), respectively. Former pars. (18) to (20) re- designated (21) to (23), respectively. Par. (21). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(5), added par. (21). Former par. (21) redesignated (22). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(4), redesignated par. (20) as (21). Former par. (21) redesignated (22). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(3), redesignated par. (19) as (21). Former par. (21) redesignated (23). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(1), redesignated par. (18) as (21). Former par. (21) redesignated (24). Par. (22). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(5), redesignated par. (21) as (22). Former par. (22) redesignated (23). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(4), redesignated par. (21) as (22). Former par. (22) redesignated (23). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(3), redesignated par. (20) as (22). Former par. (22) redesignated (24). Page 2003 TITLE 16—CONSERVATION § 1802 Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(1), redesignated par. (19) as (22). Former par. (22) redesignated (25). Par. (23). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(6), substituted ‘‘of two and one-half kilometers’’ for ‘‘of one and one-half miles’’. Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(5), redesignated par. (22) as (23). Former par. (23) redesignated (24). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(4), redesignated par. (22) as (23). Former par. (23) redesignated (24). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(3), redesignated par. (21) as (23). Former par. (23) redesignated (25). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(1), redesignated par. (20) as (23). Former par. (23) redesignated (26). Pars. (24) to (27). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(5), redesignated pars. (23) to (26) as (24) to (27), respectively. Former par. (27) redesignated (28). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(4), redesignated pars. (23) to (26) as (24) to (27), respectively. Former par. (27) redesig- nated (28). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(3), redesignated pars. (22) to (25) as (24) to (27), respectively. Former pars. (26) and (27) redesignated (28) and (29), respectively. Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(1), redesignated pars. (21) to (24) as (24) to (27), respectively. Former pars. (25) to (27) re- designated (28) to (30), respectively. Par. (28). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(7), added par. (28) and struck out former par. (28) which read as follows: ‘‘The term ‘optimum’, with respect to the yield from a fish- ery, means the amount of fish— ‘‘(A) which will provide the greatest overall benefit to the Nation, with particular reference to food pro- duction and recreational opportunities; and ‘‘(B) which is prescribed as such on the basis of the maximum sustainable yield from such fishery, as modified by any relevant economic, social, or ecologi- cal factor.’’ Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(5), redesignated par. (27) as (28). Former par. (28) redesignated (29). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(4), redesignated par. (27) as (28). Former par. (28) redesignated (29). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(3), redesignated par. (26) as (28). Former par. (28) redesignated (30). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(1), redesignated par. (25) as (28). Former par. (28) redesignated (31). Pars. (29), (30). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(8), added pars. (29) and (30). Former pars. (29) and (30) redesignated (31) and (32), respectively. Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(5), redesignated pars. (28) and (29) as (29) and (30), respectively. Former par. (30) redesig- nated (31). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(4), redesignated pars. (28) and (29) as (29) and (30), respectively. Former par. (30) redesig- nated (31). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(3), redesignated pars. (27) and (28) as (29) and (30), respectively. Former pars. (29) and (30) redesignated (31) and (32), respectively. Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(1), redesignated pars. (26) and (27) as (29) and (30), respectively. Former pars. (29) and (30) redesignated (32) and (33), respectively. Par. (31). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(8), redesignated par. (29) as (31). Former par. (31) redesignated (33). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(5), redesignated par. (30) as (31). Former par. (31) redesignated (32). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(4), redesignated par. (30) as (31). Former par. (31) redesignated (32). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(3), redesignated par. (29) as (31). Former par. (31) redesignated (33). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(1), redesignated par. (28) as (31). Former par. (31) redesignated (34). Pars. (32), (33). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(9), added pars. (32) and (33). Former pars. (32) and (33) redesignated (34) and (35), respectively. Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(8), redesignated pars. (30) and (31) as (32) and (33), respectively. Former pars. (32) and (33) redesignated (34) and (35), respectively. Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(5), redesignated pars. (31) and (32) as (32) and (33), respectively. Former par. (33) redesig- nated (34). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(4), redesignated pars. (31) and (32) as (32) and (33), respectively. Former par. (33) redesig- nated (34). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(3), redesignated pars. (30) and (31) as (32) and (33), respectively. Former pars. (32) and (33) redesignated (34) and (35), respectively. Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(1), redesignated pars. (29) and (30) as (32) and (33), respectively. Former par. (32) redesig- nated (35). Pars. (34), (35). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(9), redesignated pars. (32) and (33) as (34) and (35), respectively. Former pars. (34) and (35) redesignated (36) and (37), respec- tively. Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(8), redesignated pars. (32) and (33) as (34) and (35), respectively. Former pars. (34) and (35) redesignated (36) and (37), respectively. Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(5), redesignated pars. (33) and (34) as (34) and (35), respectively. Former par. (35) redesig- nated (36). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(4), redesignated pars. (33) and (34) as (34) and (35), respectively. Former par. (35) redesig- nated (36). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(3), redesignated pars. (32) and (33) as (34) and (35), respectively. Former pars. (34) and (35) redesignated (36) and (37), respectively. Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(1), redesignated pars. (31) and (32) as (34) and (35), respectively. Par. (36). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(10), added par. (36). Former par. (36) redesignated (37). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(9), redesignated par. (34) as (36). Former par. (36) redesignated (38). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(8), redesignated par. (34) as (36). Former par. (36) redesignated (38). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(5), redesignated par. (35) as (36). Former par. (36) redesignated (37). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(4), redesignated par. (35) as (36). Former par. (36) redesignated (37). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(3), redesignated par. (34) as (36). Par. (37). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(10), redesignated par. (36) as (37). Former par. (37) redesignated (38). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(9), redesignated par. (35) as (37). Former par. (37) redesignated (39). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(8), redesignated par. (35) as (37). Former par. (37) redesignated (39). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(5), redesignated par. (36) as (37). Former par. (37) redesignated (38). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(4), redesignated par. (36) as (37). Former par. (37) redesignated (38). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(3), redesignated par. (35) as (37). Par. (38). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(10), redesignated par. (37) as (38). Former par. (38) redesignated (39). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(9), redesignated par. (36) as (38). Former par. (38) redesignated (40). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(8), redesignated par. (36) as (38). Former par. (38) redesignated (40). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(5), redesignated par. (37) as (38). Former par. (38) redesignated (39). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(4), redesignated par. (37) as (38). Par. (39). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(10), redesignated par. (38) as (39). Former par. (39) redesignated (40). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(9), redesignated par. (37) as (39). Former par. (39) redesignated (41). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(8), redesignated par. (37) as (39). Former par. (39) redesignated (41). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(5), redesignated par. (38) as (39). Pars. (40), (41). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(10), redesignated pars. (39) and (40) as (40) and (41), respectively. Former par. (41) redesignated (42). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(9), redesignated pars. (38) and (39) as (40) and (41), respectively. Former pars. (40) and (41) redesignated (42) and (43), respectively. Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(8), redesignated pars. (38) and (39) as (40) and (41), respectively. Par. (42). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(11), which directed the substitution of ‘‘regulated under this chapter’’ for ‘‘for which a fishery management plan prepared under sub- chapter IV of this chapter or a preliminary fishery management plan prepared under section 1821(g) of this title has been implemented’’, was executed by making substitution for language which referred to ‘‘section 1821(h)’’, notwithstanding directory language directing substitution for language which referred to ‘‘section 1821(g)’’ to reflect the probable intent of Congress. Page 2004 TITLE 16—CONSERVATION § 1803 Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(10), redesignated par. (41) as (42). Former par. (42) redesignated (43). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(9), redesignated par. (40) as (42). Par. (43). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(10), redesignated par. (42) as (43). Former par. (43) redesignated (44). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(9), redesignated par. (41) as (43). Par. (44). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(12), added par. (44). Former par. (44) redesignated (45). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(10), redesignated par. (43) as (44). Par. (45). Pub. L. 104–297, § 102(12), redesignated par. (44) as (45). 1990—Par. (7). Pub. L. 101–627, § 102(a)(2), substituted ‘‘and birds’’ for ‘‘, birds, and highly migratory species’’. Par. (14). Pub. L. 101–627, § 102(a)(3), amended par. (14) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (14) read as fol- lows: ‘‘The term ‘highly migratory species’ means spe- cies of tuna which, in the course of their life cycle, spawn and migrate over great distances in waters of the ocean.’’ Par. (16). Pub. L. 101–627, § 102(a)(4), added par. (16). Former par. (16) redesignated (17). Par. (17). Pub. L. 101–627, § 102(a)(1), redesignated par. (16) as (17). Former par. (17) redesignated (19). Par. (18). Pub. L. 101–627, § 102(a)(5), added par. (18). Former par. (18) redesignated (21). Par. (19). Pub. L. 101–627, § 102(a)(1), redesignated par. (17) as (19). Former par. (19) redesignated (22). Par. (20). Pub. L. 101–627, § 102(a)(6), added par. (20). Former par. (20) redesignated (23). Pars. (21) to (26). Pub. L. 101–627, § 102(a)(1), redesig- nated pars. (18) to (23) as (21) to (26), respectively. Former pars. (24) to (26) redesignated (28) to (30), re- spectively. Par. (27). Pub. L. 101–627, § 102(a)(7), added par. (27). Former par. (27) redesignated (31). Pars. (28) to (31). Pub. L. 101–627, § 102(a)(1), redesig- nated pars. (24) to (27) as (28) to (31), respectively. Par. (32). Pub. L. 101–627, § 102(a)(8), added par. (32). 1988—Par. (27). Pub. L. 100–239 amended par. (27) gen- erally. Prior to amendment, par. (27) read as follows: ‘‘The term ‘vessel of the United States’ means— ‘‘(A) any vessel documented under the laws of the United States; ‘‘(B) any vessel numbered in accordance with the Federal Boat Safety Act of 1971 and measuring less than 5 net tons; or ‘‘(C) any vessel numbered under the Federal Boat Safety Act of 1971 and used exclusively for pleasure.’’ 1986—Par. (4). Pub. L. 99–659, § 112, in provisions under heading ‘‘Mollusks’’ substituted ‘‘Arctica islandica’’ for ‘‘Artica islandica’’ and under heading ‘‘Sponges’’ sub- stituted ‘‘Spongia cheiris’’ for ‘‘Hippiospongia canaliculata’’. Pars. (6) to (8). Pub. L. 99–659, § 101(a), added par. (6), redesignated former pars. (6) and (7) as (7) and (8), re- spectively, and struck out former par. (8) which defined ‘‘fishery conservation zone’’ as the fishery conservation zone established by section 1811 of this title. 1983—Par. (27). Pub. L. 97–453 designated existing pro- visions as subpar. (A), struck out ‘‘or registered under the laws of any State’’ after ‘‘United States’’, and added subpars. (B) and (C). 1978—Pars. (25) to (27). Pub. L. 95–354 added pars. (25) and (26) and redesignated former par. (25) as (27). Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries CHANGE OF NAME ‘‘Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission’’ sub- stituted for ‘‘Pacific Marine Fisheries Commission’’ in par. (28) pursuant to section 1001(c) of Pub. L. 101–627, set out below. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1992 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 104–297, title IV, § 405(a), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3620, provided that: ‘‘Notwithstanding section 308 of the Act entitled ‘An Act to provide for the designation of the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary’, approved March 9, 1992 (Public Law 102–251; 106 Stat. 66) [set out as a note under section 773 of this title] herein- after referred to as the ‘FGB Act’, section 301(b) of that Act [amending this section, see Codification note above] (adding a definition of the term ‘special areas’) shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 11, 1996].’’ REDESIGNATION OF PACIFIC MARINE FISHERIES COMMIS- SION AS PACIFIC STATES MARINE FISHERIES COMMIS- SION Pub. L. 101–627, title X, § 1001, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4467, provided that: ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Congress consents to and ap- proves of the amendments described in subsection (b) to the interstate compact which constituted the Pa- cific Marine Fisheries Commission, approved by the Act of July 24, 1947 (61 Stat. 419; hereinafter in this sec- tion referred to as the ‘compact’). ‘‘(b) AMENDMENT DESCRIBED.—The amendments re- ferred to in subsection (a) are the amendments ap- proved and ratified before the effective date of this sec- tion [Nov. 28, 1990] by the contracting States to the compact, which— ‘‘(1) amend Article III of the compact to redesignate the Pacific Marine Fisheries Commission as the ‘Pa- cific States Marine Fisheries Commission’; and ‘‘(2) make such other amendments to the compact as are necessary solely to conform the text of the compact to the amendment described in paragraph (1). ‘‘(c) REFERENCES.—Any reference in a law, map, regu- lation, document, paper, or other record of the United States to the Pacific Marine Fisheries Commission con- stituted by the compact is deemed to be a reference to the ‘Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission’.’’ Executive Documents TERRITORIAL SEA OF UNITED STATES For extension of territorial sea of United States, see Proc. No. 5928, set out as a note under section 1331 of Title 43, Public Lands. § 1803. Authorization of appropriations There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the provisions of this chapter— (1) $337,844,000 for fiscal year 2007; (2) $347,684,000 for fiscal year 2008; (3) $357,524,000 for fiscal year 2009; (4) $367,364,000 for fiscal year 2010; (5) $377,204,000 for fiscal year 2011; (6) $387,044,000 for fiscal year 2012; and (7) $396,875,000 for fiscal year 2013. (Pub. L. 94–265, § 4, as added Pub. L. 104–297, title I, § 103, Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3563; amended Pub. L. 109–479, § 7, Jan. 12, 2007, 120 Stat. 3579.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original ‘‘this Act’’, meaning Pub. L. 94–265, Apr. 13, 1976, 90 Stat. 331, known as the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Con- servation and Management Act, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1801 of this title and Tables. AMENDMENTS 2007—Pub. L. 109–479 reenacted section catchline without change and amended text generally, sub- stituting provisions authorizing appropriations for fis- cal years 2007 to 2013 for provisions authorizing appro- priations for fiscal years 1996 to 1999.