42 U.S.C. § 1382a — Income; earned and unearned income de-

Page 2818 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 1382a (14) provide that the State agency shall, in deter- mining need for aid to the aged, blind, or disabled, take into consideration any other income and re- sources of an individual claiming such aid, as well as any expenses reasonably attributable to the earning of any such income; except that, in making such de- termination with respect to any individual— (A) if such individual is blind, the State agency (i) shall disregard the first $85 per month of earned in- come plus one-half of earned income in excess of $85 per month, and (ii) shall, for a period not in excess of 12 months, and may, for a period not in excess of 36 months, disregard such additional amounts of other income and resources, in the case of any such individual who has a plan for achieving self-support approved by the State agency, as may be necessary for the fulfillment of such plan, (B) if such individual is not blind but is perma- nently and totally disabled, (i) of the first $80 per month of earned income, the State agency may dis- regard not more than the first $20 thereof plus one- half of the remainder, and (ii) the State agency may, for a period not in excess of 36 months, dis- regard such additional amounts of other income and resources, in the case of any such individual who has a plan for achieving self-support approved by the State agency, as may be necessary for the fulfillment of such plan, but only with respect to the part or parts of such period during substan- tially all of which he is actually undergoing voca- tional rehabilitation, (C) if such individual has attained age 65 and is neither blind nor permanently and totally disabled, of the first $80 per month of earned income the State agency may disregard not more than the first $20 thereof plus one-half of the remainder, and (D) the State agency may, before disregarding the amounts referred to above in this paragraph (14), disregard not more than $7.50 of any income; and (15) provide that information is requested and ex- changed for purposes of income and eligibility verification in accordance with a State system which meets the requirements of section 1320b–7 of this title. Notwithstanding paragraph (3), if on January 1, 1962, and on the date on which a State submits its plan for approval under this subchapter, the State agency which administered or supervised the administration of the plan of such State approved under subchapter X of this chapter was different from the State agency which ad- ministered or supervised the administration of the plan of such State approved under subchapter I of this chap- ter and the State agency which administered or super- vised the administration of the plan of such State ap- proved under subchapter XIV of this chapter, the State agency which administered or supervised the adminis- tration of such plan approved under subchapter X of this chapter may be designated to administer or super- vise the administration of the portion of the State plan for aid to the aged, blind, or disabled which relates to blind individuals and a separate State agency may be established or designated to administer or supervise the administration of the rest of such plan; and in such case the part of the plan which each such agency ad- ministers, or the administration of which each such agency supervises, shall be regarded as a separate plan for purposes of this subchapter. (b) Approval by Commissioner The Commissioner of Social Security shall approve any plan which fulfills the conditions specified in sub- section (a) of this section, except that the Commis- sioner shall not approve any plan which imposes, as a condition of eligibility for aid or assistance under the plan— (1) an age requirement of more than sixty-five years; or (2) any residence requirement which excludes any resident of the State who has resided therein five years during the nine years immediately preceding the application for such aid and has resided therein continuously for one year immediately preceding the application; or (3) any citizenship requirement which excludes any citizen of the United States. At the option of the State, the plan may provide that manuals and other policy issuances will be furnished to persons without charge for the reasonable cost of such materials, but such provision shall not be required by the Commissioner of Social Security as a condition for the approval of such plan under this subchapter. In the case of any State to which the provisions of section 344 of the Social Security Act Amendments of 1950 were ap- plicable on January 1, 1962, and to which the sentence of section 1202(b) of this title following paragraph (2) thereof is applicable on the date on which its State plan for aid to the aged, blind, or disabled was sub- mitted for approval under this subchapter, the Commis- sioner of Social Security shall approve the plan of such State for aid to the aged, blind, or disabled for purposes of this subchapter, even though it does not meet the re- quirements of paragraph (14) of subsection (a) of this section, if it meets all other requirements of this sub- chapter for an approved plan for aid to the aged, blind, or disabled; but payments under section 1383 of this title shall be made, in the case of any such plan, only with respect to expenditures thereunder which would be included as expenditures for the purposes of section 1383 of this title under a plan approved under this sec- tion without regard to the provisions of this sentence. (c) Limitation on number of plans Subject to the last sentence of subsection (a) of this section, nothing in this subchapter shall be construed to permit a State to have in effect with respect to any period more than one State plan approved under this subchapter. (Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, title XVI, § 1602, as added July 25, 1962, Pub. L. 87–543, title I, § 141(a), 76 Stat. 198; amend- ed Oct. 13, 1964, Pub. L. 88–650, § 5(b), 78 Stat. 1078; July 30, 1965, Pub. L. 89–97, title II, § 221(d)(3), title IV, § 403(e), 79 Stat. 358, 418; Jan. 2, 1968, Pub. L. 90–248, title II, §§ 210(a)(5), 213(a)(4), 241(d), 81 Stat. 896, 898, 917; Oct. 30, 1972, Pub. L. 92–603, title IV, §§ 405(d), 406(d), 407(d), 410(d), 413(d), 86 Stat. 1488, 1489, 1491, 1492; Aug. 13, 1981, Pub. L. 97–35, title XXI, § 2184(d)(4), 95 Stat. 817; July 18, 1984, Pub. L. 98–369, div. B, title VI, § 2651(h), 98 Stat. 1150; Aug. 15, 1994, Pub. L. 103–296, title I, § 107(a)(4), 108 Stat. 1478; Aug. 22, 1996, Pub. L. 104–193, title I, § 108(i), 110 Stat. 2169.) [Amendment by Pub. L. 104–193 effective July 1, 1997, with transition rules relating to State options to accel- erate such date, rules relating to claims, actions, and proceedings commenced before such date, rules relating to closing out of accounts for terminated or substan- tially modified programs and continuance in office of Assistant Secretary for Family Support, and provisions relating to termination of entitlement under AFDC program, see section 116 of Pub. L. 104–193, as amended, set out as an Effective Date note under section 601 of this title.] [Amendment by section 107(a)(4) of Pub. L. 103–296 ef- fective Mar. 31, 1995, see section 110(a) of Pub. L. 103–296, set out as an Effective Date of 1994 Amendment note under section 401 of this title.] § 1382a. Income; earned and unearned income de- fined; exclusions from income (a) For purposes of this subchapter, income means both earned income and unearned in- come; and— (1) earned income means only— (A) wages as determined under section 403(f)(5)(C) of this title but without the ap- plication of section 410(j)(3) of this title (and, in the case of cash remuneration paid for service as a member of a uniformed serv- ice (other than payments described in para- Page 2819 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 1382a 1 So in original. Probably should be subsection ‘‘(a)(15),’’. graph (2)(H) of this subsection or subsection (b)(20)), without regard to the limitations contained in section 409(d) of this title); (B) net earnings from self-employment, as defined in section 411 of this title (without the application of the second and third sen- tences following subsection (a)(11),1 the last paragraph of subsection (a), and section 410(j)(3) of this title), including earnings for services described in paragraphs (4), (5), and (6) of subsection (c); (C) remuneration received for services per- formed in a sheltered workshop or work ac- tivities center; and (D) any royalty earned by an individual in connection with any publication of the work of the individual, and that portion of any honorarium which is received for services rendered; and (2) unearned income means all other income, including— (A) support and maintenance furnished in cash or kind; except that (i) in the case of any individual (and his eligible spouse, if any) living in another person’s household and receiving support and maintenance in kind from such person, the dollar amounts otherwise applicable to such individual (and spouse) as specified in subsections (a) and (b) of section 1382 of this title shall be reduced by 331⁄3 percent in lieu of including such sup- port and maintenance in the unearned in- come of such individual (and spouse) as oth- erwise required by this subparagraph, (ii) in the case of any individual or his eligible spouse who resides in a nonprofit retirement home or similar nonprofit institution, sup- port and maintenance shall not be included to the extent that it is furnished to such in- dividual or such spouse without such institu- tion receiving payment therefor (unless such institution has expressly undertaken an ob- ligation to furnish full support and mainte- nance to such individual or spouse without any current or future payment therefor) or payment therefor is made by another non- profit organization, and (iii) support and maintenance shall not be included and the provisions of clause (i) shall not be applica- ble in the case of any individual (and his eli- gible spouse, if any) for the period which be- gins with the month in which such indi- vidual (or such individual and his eligible spouse) began to receive support and mainte- nance while living in a residential facility (including a private household) maintained by another person and ends with the close of the month in which such individual (or such individual and his eligible spouse) ceases to receive support and maintenance while liv- ing in such a residential facility (or, if ear- lier, with the close of the seventeenth month following the month in which such period began), if, not more than 30 days prior to the date on which such individual (or such indi- vidual and his eligible spouse) began to re- ceive support and maintenance while living in such a residential facility, (I) such indi- vidual (or such individual and his eligible spouse) were residing in a household main- tained by such individual (or by such indi- vidual and others) as his or their own home, (II) there occurred within the area in which such household is located (and while such in- dividual, or such individual and his spouse, were residing in the household referred to in subclause (I)) a catastrophe on account of which the President declared a major dis- aster to exist therein for purposes of the Dis- aster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act [42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.], and (III) such indi- vidual declares that he (or he and his eligi- ble spouse) ceased to continue living in the household referred to in subclause (II) be- cause of such catastrophe; (B) any payments received as an annuity, pension, retirement, or disability benefit, in- cluding veterans’ compensation and pen- sions, workmen’s compensation payments, old-age, survivors, and disability insurance benefits, railroad retirement annuities and pensions, and unemployment insurance ben- efits; (C) prizes and awards; (D) payments to the individual occasioned by the death of another person, to the extent that the total of such payments exceeds the amount expended by such individual for pur- poses of the deceased person’s last illness and burial; (E) support and alimony payments, and (subject to the provisions of subparagraph (D) excluding certain amounts expended for purposes of a last illness and burial) gifts (cash or otherwise) and inheritances; (F) rents, dividends, interest, and royalties not described in paragraph (1)(E); (G) any earnings of, and additions to, the corpus of a trust established by an indi- vidual (within the meaning of section 1382b(e) of this title), of which the individual is a beneficiary, to which section 1382b(e) of this title applies, and, in the case of an ir- revocable trust, with respect to which cir- cumstances exist under which a payment from the earnings or additions could be made to or for the benefit of the individual; and (H) payments to or on behalf of a member of a uniformed service for housing of the member (and his or her dependents, if any) on a facility of a uniformed service, includ- ing payments provided under section 403 of title 37 for housing that is acquired or con- structed under subchapter IV of chapter 169 of title 10, or any related provision of law, and any such payments shall be treated as support and maintenance in kind subject to subparagraph (A) of this paragraph. (b) In determining the income of an individual (and his eligible spouse) there shall be ex- cluded— (1) subject to limitations (as to amount or otherwise) prescribed by the Commissioner of Social Security, if such individual is under the age of 22 and is, as determined by the Commis- sioner of Social Security, a student regularly attending a school, college, or university, or a course of vocational or technical training de- Page 2820 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 1382a signed to prepare him for gainful employment, the earned income of such individual; (2)(A) the first $240 per year (or proportion- ately smaller amounts for shorter periods) of income (whether earned or unearned) other than income which is paid on the basis of the need of the eligible individual, and (B) monthly (or other periodic) payments re- ceived by any individual, under a program es- tablished prior to July 1, 1973 (or any program established prior to such date but subse- quently amended so as to conform to State or Federal constitutional standards), if (i) such payments are made by the State of which the individual receiving such payments is a resi- dent, (ii) eligibility of any individual for such payments is not based on need and is based solely on attainment of age 65 or any other age set by the State and residency in such State by such individual, and (iii) on or before September 30, 1985, such individual (I) first be- comes an eligible individual or an eligible spouse under this title, and (II) satisfies the twenty-five-year residency requirement of such program as such program was in effect prior to January 1, 1983; (3) in any calendar quarter, the first— (A) $60 of unearned income, and (B) $30 of earned income, of such individual (and such spouse, if any) which, as determined in accordance with cri- teria prescribed by the Commissioner of Social Security, is received too infrequently or irreg- ularly to be included; (4)(A) if such individual (or such spouse) is blind (and has not attained age 65, or received benefits under this subchapter (or aid under a State plan approved under section 1202 or 1382 of this title) for the month before the month in which he attained age 65), (i) the first $780 per year (or proportionately smaller amounts for shorter periods) of earned income not ex- cluded by the preceding paragraphs of this subsection, plus one-half of the remainder thereof, (ii) an amount equal to any expenses reasonably attributable to the earning of any income, and (iii) such additional amounts of other income, where such individual has a plan for achieving self-support approved by the Commissioner of Social Security, as may be necessary for the fulfillment of such plan, (B) if such individual (or such spouse) is dis- abled but not blind (and has not attained age 65, or received benefits under this subchapter (or aid under a State plan approved under sec- tion 1352 or 1382 of this title) for the month be- fore the month in which he attained age 65), (i) the first $780 per year (or proportionately smaller amounts for shorter periods) of earned income not excluded by the preceding para- graphs of this subsection, (ii) such additional amounts of earned income of such individual, if such individual’s disability is sufficiently severe to result in a functional limitation re- quiring assistance in order for him to work, as may be necessary to pay the costs (to such in- dividual) of attendant care services, medical devices, equipment, prostheses, and similar items and services (not including routine drugs or routine medical services unless such drugs or services are necessary for the control of the disabling condition) which are nec- essary (as determined by the Commissioner of Social Security in regulations) for that pur- pose, whether or not such assistance is also needed to enable him to carry out his normal daily functions, except that the amounts to be excluded shall be subject to such reasonable limits as the Commissioner of Social Security may prescribe, (iii) one-half of the amount of earned income not excluded after the applica- tion of the preceding provisions of this sub- paragraph, and (iv) such additional amounts of other income, where such individual has a plan for achieving self-support approved by the Commissioner of Social Security, as may be necessary for the fulfillment of such plan, or (C) if such individual (or such spouse) has at- tained age 65 and is not included under sub- paragraph (A) or (B), the first $780 per year (or proportionately smaller amounts for shorter periods) of earned income not excluded by the preceding paragraphs of this subsection, plus one-half of the remainder thereof; (5) any amount received from any public agency as a return or refund of taxes paid on real property or on food purchased by such in- dividual (or such spouse); (6) assistance, furnished to or on behalf of such individual (and spouse), which is based on need and furnished by any State or political subdivision of a State; (7) any portion of any grant, scholarship, fel- lowship, or gift (or portion of a gift) used to pay the cost of tuition and fees at any edu- cational (including technical or vocational education) institution; (8) home produce of such individual (or spouse) utilized by the household for its own consumption; (9) if such individual is a child, one-third of any payment for his support received from an absent parent; (10) any amounts received for the foster care of a child who is not an eligible individual but who is living in the same home as such indi- vidual and was placed in such home by a pub- lic or nonprofit private child-placement or child-care agency; (11) assistance received under the Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act [42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.] or other assistance pro- vided pursuant to a Federal statute on ac- count of a catastrophe which is declared to be a major disaster by the President; (12) interest income received on assistance funds referred to in paragraph (11) within the 9-month period beginning on the date such funds are received (or such longer periods as the Commissioner of Social Security shall by regulations prescribe in cases where good cause is shown by the individual concerned for extending such period); (13) any support or maintenance assistance furnished to or on behalf of such individual (and spouse if any) which (as determined under regulations of the Commissioner of Social Se- curity by such State agency as the chief exec- utive officer of the State may designate) is based on need for such support or mainte- nance, including assistance received to assist Page 2821 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 1382a 2 So in original. Probably should be ‘‘Acquisition’’. in meeting the costs of home energy (includ- ing both heating and cooling), and which is (A) assistance furnished in kind by a private non- profit agency, or (B) assistance furnished by a supplier of home heating oil or gas, by an enti- ty providing home energy whose revenues are primarily derived on a rate-of-return basis regulated by a State or Federal governmental entity, or by a municipal utility providing home energy; (14) assistance paid, with respect to the dwelling unit occupied by such individual (or such individual and spouse), under the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437 et seq.], the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.], section 101 of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965 [12 U.S.C. 1701s], title V of the Housing Act of 1949 [42 U.S.C. 1471 et seq.], or section 202(h) of the Housing Act of 1959 [12 U.S.C. 1701q(h)]; (15) the value of any commercial transpor- tation ticket, for travel by such individual (or spouse) among the 50 States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands, which is re- ceived as a gift by such individual (or such spouse) and is not converted to cash; (16) interest accrued on the value of an agreement entered into by such individual (or such spouse) representing the purchase of a burial space excluded under section 1382b(a)(2)(B) of this title, and left to accumu- late; (17) any amount received by such individual (or such spouse) from a fund established by a State to aid victims of crime; (18) relocation assistance provided by a State or local government to such individual (or such spouse), comparable to assistance pro- vided under title II of the Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisitions 2 Policies Act of 1970 which is subject to the treatment required by section 216 of such Act [42 U.S.C. 4636]; (19) any refund of Federal income taxes made to such individual (or such spouse) by reason of section 32 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to earned income tax credit), and any payment made to such indi- vidual (or such spouse) by an employer under section 3507 of such Code (relating to advance payment of earned income credit); (20) special pay received pursuant to section 310, or paragraph (1) or (3) of section 351(a), of title 37; (21) the interest or other earnings on any ac- count established and maintained in accord- ance with section 1383(a)(2)(F) of this title; (22) any gift to, or for the benefit of, an indi- vidual who has not attained 18 years of age and who has a life-threatening condition, from an organization described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 which is exempt from taxation under section 501(a) of such Code— (A) in the case of an in-kind gift, if the gift is not converted to cash; or (B) in the case of a cash gift, only to the extent that the total amount excluded from the income of the individual pursuant to this paragraph in the calendar year in which the gift is made does not exceed $2,000; (23) interest or dividend income from re- sources— (A) not excluded under section 1382b(a) of this title, or (B) excluded pursuant to Federal law other than section 1382b(a) of this title; (24) any annuity paid by a State to the indi- vidual (or such spouse) on the basis of the in- dividual’s being a veteran (as defined in sec- tion 101 of title 38), and blind, disabled, or aged; (25) any benefit (whether cash or in-kind) conferred upon (or paid on behalf of) a partici- pant in an AmeriCorps position approved by the Corporation for National and Community Service under section 12573 of this title; and (26) the first $2,000 received during a cal- endar year by such individual (or such spouse) as compensation for participation in a clinical trial involving research and testing of treat- ments for a rare disease or condition (as de- fined in section 360ee(b)(2) of title 21), but only if the clinical trial— (A) has been reviewed and approved by an institutional review board that is estab- lished— (i) to protect the rights and welfare of human subjects participating in scientific research; and (ii) in accord with the requirements under part 46 of title 45, Code of Federal Regulations; and (B) meets the standards for protection of human subjects as provided under part 46 of title 45, Code of Federal Regulations. (Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, title XVI, § 1612, as added Pub. L. 92–603, title III, § 301, Oct. 30, 1972, 86 Stat. 1468; amended Pub. L. 93–484, § 4, Oct. 26, 1974, 88 Stat. 1460; Pub. L. 94–202, § 9, Jan. 2, 1976, 89 Stat. 1140; Pub. L. 94–331, §§ 2(a), 4(a), June 30, 1976, 90 Stat. 781, 782; Pub. L. 94–455, title XXI, § 2125, Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1920; Pub. L. 94–566, title V, § 505(b), Oct. 20, 1976, 90 Stat. 2686; Pub. L. 95–171, § 8(a), Nov. 12, 1977, 91 Stat. 1355; Pub. L. 96–222, title I, § 101(a)(2)(B), Apr. 1, 1980, 94 Stat. 195; Pub. L. 96–265, title II, § 202(a), title III, § 302(b), June 9, 1980, 94 Stat. 449, 451; Pub. L. 96–473, § 6(g), Oct. 19, 1980, 94 Stat. 2266; Pub. L. 97–35, title XXIII, § 2341(b), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 865; Pub. L. 97–424, title V, § 545(a), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2198; Pub. L. 98–21, title IV, § 404(a), Apr. 20, 1983, 97 Stat. 140; Pub. L. 98–369, div. B, title VI, §§ 2616(a), 2639(b), (c), 2663(g)(3), (4), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1133, 1144, 1145, 1168; Pub. L. 99–514, § 2, title XVIII, § 1883(d)(2), (3), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095, 2918; Pub. L. 100–203, title IX, § 9120(a), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–309; Pub. L. 100–647, title VIII, § 8103(a), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3795; Pub. L. 100–707, title I, § 109(p), Nov. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 4709; Pub. L. 101–239, title VIII, §§ 8011(a), 8013(a), Dec. 19, 1989, 103 Stat. 2464; Pub. L. 101–508, title V, §§ 5031(a), 5033(a), 5034(a), 5035(a), title XI, § 11115(b)(1), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–224, 1388–225, 1388–414; Pub. L. 103–66, title XIII, § 13733(b), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 662; Pub. L. 103–296, title I, § 107(a)(4), Aug. 15, 1994, 108 Page 2822 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 1382a Stat. 1478; Pub. L. 103–432, title II, §§ 264(a), 267(a), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4467, 4469; Pub. L. 104–193, title II, § 213(c), Aug. 22, 1996, 110 Stat. 2195; Pub. L. 105–306, § 7(a), Oct. 28, 1998, 112 Stat. 2928; Pub. L. 106–169, title II, § 205(b), Dec. 14, 1999, 113 Stat. 1834; Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(1) [title V, § 519], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–74; Pub. L. 108–203, title IV, §§ 430(a), (b), 432(a), 435(a), Mar. 2, 2004, 118 Stat. 538–540; Pub. L. 110–245, title II, §§ 201, 202(a), 203, June 17, 2008, 122 Stat. 1637, 1638; Pub. L. 111–255, § 3(a), (e), Oct. 5, 2010, 124 Stat. 2641; Pub. L. 114–63, § 2, Oct. 7, 2015, 129 Stat. 549; Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title VI, § 618(i), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2161.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT The Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, referred to in subsecs. (a)(2)(A) and (b)(11), is Pub. L. 93–288, May 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 143, known as the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, which is classified principally to chapter 68 (§ 5121 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under sec- tion 5121 of this title and Tables. Section 1382 of this title, referred to in subsec. (b)(4)(A), (B), is a reference to section 1382 of this title as it existed prior to the general revision of this sub- chapter by Pub. L. 92–603, title III, § 301, Oct. 30, 1972, 86 Stat. 1465, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. The prior section (which is set out as a note under section 1382 of this title) con- tinues in effect for Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Virgin Islands. The United States Housing Act of 1937, referred to in subsec. (b)(14), is act Sept. 1, 1937, ch. 896, as revised generally by Pub. L. 93–383, title II, § 201(a), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 653, which is classified generally to chap- ter 8 (§ 1437 et seq.) of this title. For complete classi- fication of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1437 of this title and Tables. The National Housing Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(14), is act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, 48 Stat. 1246, which is classified principally to chapter 13 (§ 1701 et seq.) of Title 12, Banks and Banking. For complete classifica- tion of this Act to the Code, see section 1701 of Title 12 and Tables. Section 101 of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965, referred to in subsec. (b)(14), is section 101 of Pub. L. 89–117, title I, Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 451, which enacted section 1701s of Title 12 and amended sections 1451 and 1465 of this title. The Housing Act of 1949, referred to in subsec. (b)(14), is act July 15, 1949, ch. 338, 63 Stat. 413. Title V of the Housing Act of 1949 is classified generally to subchapter III (§ 1471 et seq.) of chapter 8A of this title. For com- plete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1441 of this title and Tables. The Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Prop- erty Acquisition Policies Act of 1970, referred to in sub- sec. (b)(18), is Pub. L. 91–646, Jan. 2, 1971, 84 Stat. 1894. Title II of the Act enacted subchapter II (§ 4621 et seq.) of chapter 61 of this title, amended sections 1415, 2473, and 3307 of this title and section 1606 of former Title 49, Transportation, repealed sections 1465 and 3074 of this title, section 2680 of Title 10, Armed Forces, sections 501 to 512 of Title 23, Highways, sections 1231 to 1234 of Title 43, Public Lands, and enacted provisions set out as notes under sections 4601 and 4621 of this title and under sections 501 to 512 of Title 23. For complete clas- sification of title II to the Code, see Tables. The Internal Revenue Code of 1986, referred to in sub- sec. (b)(19), (22), is classified generally to Title 26, Inter- nal Revenue Code. AMENDMENTS 2016—Subsec. (b)(20). Pub. L. 114–328 inserted ‘‘, or paragraph (1) or (3) of section 351(a),’’ after ‘‘section 310’’. 2015—Subsec. (b)(26). Pub. L. 114–63, § 2, repealed Pub. L. 111–255, § 3(e). See 2010 Amendment note and Effec- tive Date of 2015 Amendment note below. 2010—Subsec. (b)(26). Pub. L. 111–255, § 3(e), which di- rected the repeal of the amendment made by Pub. L. 111–255, § 3(a), effective 5 years after Oct. 5, 2010, was itself repealed by Pub. L. 114–63, § 2, effective as if in- cluded in Pub. L. 111–255. Pub. L. 111–255, § 3(a), added par. (26). 2008—Subsec. (a)(1)(A). Pub. L. 110–245, § 201(a), in- serted ‘‘(and, in the case of cash remuneration paid for service as a member of a uniformed service (other than payments described in paragraph (2)(H) of this sub- section or subsection (b)(20)), without regard to the limitations contained in section 409(d) of this title)’’ before semicolon. Subsec. (a)(2)(H). Pub. L. 110–245, § 201(b), added sub- sec. (H). Subsec. (b)(24). Pub. L. 110–245, § 202(a), added par. (24). Subsec. (b)(25). Pub. L. 110–245, § 203, added par. (25). 2004—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 108–203, § 432(a), sub- stituted ‘‘under the age of 22 and’’ for ‘‘a child who’’. Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 108–203, § 430(a), amended par. (3) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (3) read as fol- lows: ‘‘(A) the total unearned income of such individual (and such spouse, if any) in a month which, as deter- mined in accordance with criteria prescribed by the Commissioner of Social Security, is received too infre- quently or irregularly to be included, if such income so received does not exceed $20 in such month, and (B) the total earned income of such individual (and such spouse, if any) in a month which, as determined in ac- cordance with such criteria, is received too infre- quently or irregularly to be included, if such income so received does not exceed $10 in such month;’’. Subsec. (b)(7). Pub. L. 108–203, § 435(a), substituted ‘‘fellowship, or gift (or portion of a gift) used to pay’’ for ‘‘or fellowship received for use in paying’’. Subsec. (b)(23). Pub. L. 108–203, § 430(b), added par. (23). 2000—Subsec. (a)(1)(A). Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(1) [title V, § 519(1)], inserted ‘‘but without the application of section 410(j)(3) of this title’’ before semicolon. Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(1) [title V, § 519(2)], substituted ‘‘the last’’ for ‘‘and the last’’ and inserted ‘‘, and section 410(j)(3) of this title’’ after ‘‘subsection (a)’’. 1999—Subsec. (a)(2)(G). Pub. L. 106–169 added subpar. (G). 1998—Subsec. (b)(22). Pub. L. 105–306 added par. (22). 1996—Subsec. (b)(21). Pub. L. 104–193 added par. (21). 1994—Subsec. (a)(1)(C) to (E). Pub. L. 103–432, § 267(a), redesignated subpars. (D) and (E) as (C) and (D), respec- tively, and struck out former subpar. (C) which read as follows: ‘‘any refund of Federal income taxes made by reason of section 32 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to earned income credit) and any pay- ment made by an employer under section 3507 of such Code (relating to advance payment of earned income credit);’’. Subsec. (b)(1), (3)(A), (4)(A), (B), (12), (13). Pub. L. 103–296 substituted ‘‘Commissioner of Social Security’’ for ‘‘Secretary’’ wherever appearing. Subsec. (b)(17). Pub. L. 103–432, § 264(a), made tech- nical correction to directory language of Pub. L. 101–508, § 5035(a)(2). See 1990 Amendment note below. 1993—Subsec. (b)(20). Pub. L. 103–66 added par. (20). 1990—Subsec. (a)(1)(E). Pub. L. 101–508, § 5034(a)(1), added subpar. (E). Subsec. (a)(2)(F). Pub. L. 101–508, § 5034(a)(2), inserted ‘‘not described in paragraph (1)(E)’’ after ‘‘royalties’’. Subsec. (b)(4)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 101–508, § 5033(a), struck out ‘‘(for purposes of determining the amount of his or her benefits under this subchapter and of determining his or her eligibility for such benefits for consecutive months of eligibility after the initial month of such eli- gibility)’’ after ‘‘income of such individual’’. Page 2823 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 1382a Subsec. (b)(16). Pub. L. 101–508, § 5035(a)(1), struck out ‘‘and’’ at end. Subsec. (b)(17). Pub. L. 101–508, § 5035(a)(2), as amended by Pub. L. 103–432, § 264(a), substituted ‘‘; and’’ for pe- riod at end. Pub. L. 101–508, § 5031(a), added par. (17). Subsec. (b)(18). Pub. L. 101–508, § 5035(a)(3), added par. (18). Subsec. (b)(19). Pub. L. 101–508, § 11115(b)(1)(C), added par. (19). 1989—Subsec. (b)(15). Pub. L. 101–239, § 8011(a), added par. (15). Subsec. (b)(16). Pub. L. 101–239, § 8013(a), added par. (16). 1988—Subsecs. (a)(2)(A), (b)(11). Pub. L. 100–707 sub- stituted ‘‘Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act’’ for ‘‘Disaster Relief Act of 1974’’. Subsec. (b)(14). Pub. L. 100–647 added par. (14). 1987—Subsec. (a)(2)(D), (E). Pub. L. 100–203 amended subpars. (D) and (E) generally. Prior to amendment, subpars. (D) and (E) read as follows: ‘‘(D) the proceeds of any life insurance policy to the extent that they exceed the amount expended by the beneficiary for purposes of the insured individual’s last illness and burial or $1,500, whichever is less; ‘‘(E) gifts (cash or otherwise), support and alimony payments, and inheritances; and’’. 1986—Subsec. (a)(1)(C). Pub. L. 99–514, § 1883(d)(2), sub- stituted ‘‘section 32’’ for ‘‘section 43’’. Pub. L. 99–514, § 2, substituted ‘‘Internal Revenue Code of 1986’’ for ‘‘Internal Revenue Code of 1954’’. Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 99–514, § 1883(d)(3)(A), (B), sub- stituted ‘‘, and’’ for a semicolon in subpar. (A) and a semicolon for a period in subpar. (B). Subsec. (b)(11) to (13). Pub. L. 99–514, § 1883(d)(3)(C), provided for technical corrections relating to con- cluding punctuation in pars. (11) to (13). 1984—Subsec. (b)(2)(B). Pub. L. 98–369, § 2663(g)(3), re- aligned margin of subpar. (B). Pub. L. 98–369, § 2616(a), amended subpar. (B) gen- erally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (B) read as follows: ‘‘monthly (or other periodic) payments received by any individual, under a program established prior to July 1, 1973, if such payments are made by the State of which the individual receiving such payments is a resident, and if eligibility of any individual for such payments is not based on need and is based solely on attainment of age 65 and duration of residence in such State by such individual;’’. Subsec. (b)(9). Pub. L. 98–369, § 2663(g)(4), inserted a comma after ‘‘child’’. Subsec. (b)(13). Pub. L. 98–369, § 2639(b), temporarily amended par. (13) generally, redesignating former cls. (i) and (ii) as (A) and (B), respectively. See Effective and Termination Dates of 1984 Amendment note below. 1983—Subsec. (b)(13). Pub. L. 98–21 temporarily sub- stituted ‘‘any support or maintenance assistance fur- nished to or on behalf of such individual (and spouse if any) which (as determined under regulations of the Secretary by such State agency as the chief executive officer of the State may designate) is based on need for such support or maintenance, including assistance re- ceived to assist in meeting the costs of home energy (including both heating and cooling), and which’’ for ‘‘any assistance received to assist in meeting the costs of home energy, including both heating and cooling, which (as determined under regulations of the Sec- retary by such State agency as the chief executive offi- cer of the State may designate) (A) is based on need for such assistance, and (B)’’. See Effective and Termi- nation Dates of 1983 Amendments note below. Pub. L. 97–424 temporarily added par. (13). See Effec- tive and Termination Dates of 1983 Amendments note below. 1981—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 97–35 substituted ‘‘month’’ for ‘‘calendar quarter’’ wherever appearing, ‘‘such month’’ for ‘‘such quarter’’ wherever appearing, ‘‘$20’’ for ‘‘$60’’, and ‘‘$10’’ for ‘‘$30’’. 1980—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 96–473, § 6(g)(1), (2), in sub- par. (B) substituted ‘‘(a)(11)’’ for ‘‘(a)(10)’’, and redesig- nated subpar. (C), as added by Pub. L. 96–265, § 202(a)(2), as (D). Pub. L. 96–265, § 202(a)(2), added subpar. (C) which was subsequently redesignated (D) by Pub. L. 96–473, § 6(g)(2). Pub. L. 96–222, § 101(a)(2)(B)(ii), added subpar. (C). Subsec. (b)(2)(B). Pub. L. 96–473, § 6(g)(3), substituted ‘‘monthly’’ for ‘‘Monthly’’ and substituted a semicolon for the period at end of subpar. (B). Subsec. (b)(4)(B). Pub. L. 96–265, § 302(b), inserted pro- visions relating to extraordinary work expenses due to severe disability. 1977—Subsec. (b)(12). Pub. L. 95–171 added par. (12). 1976—Subsec. (a)(2)(A)(iii). Pub. L. 94–455 substituted ‘‘seventeenth month’’ for ‘‘fifth month’’. Pub. L. 94–331, § 4(a)(2), added cl. (iii). Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 94–202 designated existing pro- visions as par. (A) and added par. (B). Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 94–566 substituted ‘‘assistance, furnished to or on behalf of such individual (and spouse), which’’ for ‘‘assistance described in section 1382e(a) of this title which’’. Subsec. (b)(11). Pub. L. 94–331, § 2(a)(3), added par. (11). 1974—Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 93–484 designated ex- isting provisions as cl. (i) and added cl. (ii). Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2015 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 114–63, § 2, Oct. 7, 2015, 129 Stat. 549, provided that the repeal of section 3(e) of Pub. L. 111–255, for- merly set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2010 Amendment note below, is effective as if included in the enactment of Pub. L. 111–255. EFFECTIVE AND TERMINATION DATES OF 2010 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 111–255, § 3(d), Oct. 5, 2010, 124 Stat. 2641, as amended by Pub. L. 111–255, § 3(e), Oct. 5, 2010, 124 Stat. 2641; Pub. L. 114–63, § 2, Oct. 7, 2015, 129 Stat. 549, pro- vided that: ‘‘The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 1382b and 1396a of this title] shall take effect on the date that is the ear- lier of— ‘‘(1) the effective date of final regulations promul- gated by the Commissioner of Social Security to carry out this section and such amendments; or ‘‘(2) 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 5, 2010].’’ [Section 3(e) of Pub. L. 111–255, formerly set out below, which repealed section 3(d) of Pub. L. 111–255, set out above, 5 years after Oct. 5, 2010, was itself repealed by Pub. L. 114–63, § 2, Oct. 7, 2015, 129 Stat. 549, effective as if included in Pub. L. 111–255.] Pub. L. 111–255, § 3(e), Oct. 5, 2010, 124 Stat. 2641, which provided that Pub. L. 111–255 (amending this section and sections 1382b and 1396a of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sec- tion 1305 of this title) and the amendments made by Pub. L. 111–255 were repealed 5 years after Oct. 5, 2010, was itself repealed by Pub. L. 114–63, § 2, Oct. 7, 2015, 129 Stat. 549, effective as if included in Pub. L. 111–255. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2008 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 110–245, title II, § 204, June 17, 2008, 122 Stat. 1638, provided that: ‘‘The amendments made by this title [amending this section and section 1382b of this title] shall be effective with respect to benefits payable for months beginning after 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [June 17, 2008].’’ EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2004 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 108–203, title IV, § 430(c), Mar. 2, 2004, 118 Stat. 538, provided that: ‘‘The amendments made by this sec- tion [amending this section] shall be effective with re- spect to benefits payable for months in calendar quar- ters that begin more than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Mar. 2, 2004].’’ Pub. L. 108–203, title IV, § 432(b), Mar. 2, 2004, 118 Stat. 539, provided that: ‘‘The amendment made by this sec- Page 2824 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 1382a tion [amending this section] shall be effective with re- spect to benefits payable for months that begin on or after 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [Mar. 2, 2004].’’ Pub. L. 108–203, title IV, § 435(c), Mar. 2, 2004, 118 Stat. 540, provided that: ‘‘The amendments made by this sec- tion [amending this section and section 1382b of this title] shall apply to benefits payable for months that begin more than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Mar. 2, 2004].’’ EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1999 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 106–169, title II, § 205(d), Dec. 14, 1999, 113 Stat. 1834, provided that: ‘‘The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 1382b and 1396a of this title] shall take effect on January 1, 2000, and shall apply to trusts established on or after such date.’’ EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1998 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 105–306, § 7(c), Oct. 28, 1998, 112 Stat. 2928, pro- vided that: ‘‘The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 1382b of this title] shall apply to gifts made on or after the date that is 2 years before the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 28, 1998].’’ EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1996 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 104–193, title II, § 213(d), Aug. 22, 1996, 110 Stat. 2195, provided that: ‘‘The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 1382b and 1383 of this title] shall apply to payments made after the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 22, 1996].’’ EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1994 AMENDMENTS Amendment by section 264(a) of Pub. L. 103–432 effec- tive as if included in the provision of Pub. L. 101–508 to which the amendment relates at the time such provi- sion became law, see section 264(h) of Pub. L. 103–432, set out as a note under section 1320b–9 of this title. Amendment by Pub. L. 103–296 effective Mar. 31, 1995, see section 110(a) of Pub. L. 103–296, set out as a note under section 401 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1993 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 103–66, title XIII, § 13733(c), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 662, provided that: ‘‘The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 1382c of this title] shall take effect on the 1st day of the 2nd month that begins after the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 10, 1993].’’ EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1990 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 101–508, title V, § 5031(d), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–224, provided that: ‘‘The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 1382b and 1383 of this title] shall apply with respect to benefits for months beginning on or after the first day of the 6th calendar month following the month in which this Act is enacted [November 1990].’’ Pub. L. 101–508, title V, § 5033(b), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–224, provided that: ‘‘The amendment made by sub- section (a) [amending this section] shall apply to bene- fits payable for calendar months beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 5, 1990].’’ Pub. L. 101–508, title V, § 5034(b), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–225, provided that: ‘‘The amendments made by sub- section (a) [amending this section] shall apply with re- spect to benefits for months beginning on or after the first day of the 13th calendar month following the month in which this Act is enacted [November 1990].’’ Pub. L. 101–508, title V, § 5035(c), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–225, as amended by Pub. L. 103–66, title XIII, § 13732, Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 662, provided that: ‘‘The amend- ments made by this section [amending this section and section 1382b of this title] shall apply with respect to benefits for calendar months beginning on or after the first day of the 6th calendar month following the month in which this Act is enacted [November 1990].’’ Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, § 11115(e), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–415, provided that: ‘‘The amendments made by subsections (a) though [sic] (c) [amending this sec- tion and sections 602 and 1382b of this title] shall apply to determinations of income or resources made for any period after December 31, 1990.’’ EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1989 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 101–239, title VIII, § 8011(b), Dec. 19, 1989, 103 Stat. 2464, provided that: ‘‘The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect on the 1st day of the 3rd calendar month beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 19, 1989].’’ Pub. L. 101–239, title VIII, § 8013(c), Dec. 19, 1989, 103 Stat. 2465, provided that: ‘‘The amendments made by subsections (a) and (b) [amending this section and sec- tion 1382b of this title] shall take effect on the 1st day of the 4th month beginning after the date of the enact- ment of this Act [Dec. 19, 1989].’’ EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1988 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 100–647, title VIII, § 8103(c), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3796, provided that: ‘‘The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 1382b of this title] shall be effective as though they had been in- cluded in section 162 of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1987 [Pub. L. 100–242, see Effective Date of 1988 Amendment note set out under 12 U.S.C. 1701q] at the time of its enactment [Feb. 5, 1988].’’ EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1987 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 100–203, title IX, § 9120(b), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–310, provided that: ‘‘The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall become effective April 1, 1988.’’ EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1984 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 98–369, div. B, title VI, § 2616(b), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1133, provided that: ‘‘The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall become ef- fective on the date of the enactment of this Act [July 18, 1984].’’ Pub. L. 98–369, div. B, title VI, § 2639(d), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1145, as amended by Pub. L. 100–203, title IX, § 9101, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–299, provided that: ‘‘The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 602 of this title and repealing sec- tion 545(a)–(c) of Pub. L. 97–424 and section 404 of Pub. L. 98–21, which had previously amended this section and section 602 of this title and had provided effective dates for those prior amendments] shall be effective with re- spect to months which begin after September 30, 1984.’’ [Pub. L. 100–203, title IX, § 9101, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–299, provided that the amendment made by that section to section 2639(d) of Pub. L. 98–369, set out as a note above, is effective as of Oct. 1, 1987.] Amendment by section 2663(g)(3), (4) of Pub. L. 98–369 effective July 18, 1984, but not to be construed as chang- ing or affecting any right, liability, status, or interpre- tation which existed (under the provisions of law in- volved) before that date, see section 2664(b) of Pub. L. 98–369, set out as a note under section 401 of this title. EFFECTIVE AND TERMINATION DATES OF 1983 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 97–424, title V, § 545(c), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2198, and Pub. L. 98–21, title IV, § 404(c), Apr. 20, 1983, 97 Stat. 140, which had provided for the effective and ter- mination dates covering the enactment and subsequent amendment of subsec. (b)(13) of this section by section 545(a) of Pub. L. 97–424 and section 404(a) of Pub. L. 98–21, were repealed by Pub. L. 98–369, div. B, title VI, § 2639(c), (d), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1145, effective with respect to months beginning after Sept. 30, 1984. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1981 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 97–35 effective with respect to months after first calendar quarter which ends more Page 2825 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 1382b than five months after August 1981, with provision for transitional payments, see section 2341(c) of Pub. L. 97–35, set out as an Effective Date of 1981 Amendment and Transitional Provisions note under section 1382 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1980 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 96–265, title II, § 202(b), June 9, 1980, 94 Stat. 449, provided that: ‘‘The amendments made by sub- section (a) [amending this section] shall apply only with respect to remuneration received in months after September 1980.’’ Amendment by section 302(b) of Pub. L. 96–265 appli- cable with respect to expenses incurred on or after first day of sixth month which begins after June 9, 1980, see section 302(c) of Pub. L. 96–265, set out as a note under section 423 of this title. Pub. L. 96–222, title I, § 101(b)(1)(B), Apr. 1, 1980, 94 Stat. 205, provided that: ‘‘The amendments made by subparagraphs (A) and (B) of subsection (a)(2) [amend- ing this section and section 602 of this title] shall apply to payments for months beginning after December 31, 1979.’’ EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1977 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 95–171, § 8(b), Nov. 12, 1977, 91 Stat. 1355, pro- vided that: ‘‘The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall be effective July 1, 1976, with respect to catastrophes which occurred on or after June 1, 1976, and before December 31, 1976. With respect to catastrophes which occurred on or after December 31, 1976, the amendment made by this section shall be effective the first day of the calendar quarter following enactment of this Act [Nov. 12, 1977].’’ EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1976 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 94–566 effective Oct. 1, 1976, see section 505(e) of Pub. L. 94–566, set out as a note under section 1382 of this title. Pub. L. 94–331, § 2(b), June 30, 1976, 90 Stat. 782, as amended by Pub. L. 95–171, § 6(a), Nov. 12, 1977, 91 Stat. 1355, effective the first day of calendar quarter fol- lowing Nov. 12, 1977, provided that: ‘‘The amendments made by this Act [amending this section and sections 815, 3402, 6153, and 6154 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 815 and 3402 of Title 26] shall be applicable only in the case of catastrophes which occur on or after June 1, 1976.’’ Pub. L. 94–331, § 4(b), June 30, 1976, 90 Stat. 783, as amended by Pub. L. 95–171, § 7(a), Nov. 12, 1977, 91 Stat. 1355, effective the first day of calendar quarter fol- lowing Nov. 12, 1977, provided that: ‘‘The amendments made by this Act [see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 94–331, set out above] shall be applicable only in the case of catas- trophes which occur on or after June 1, 1976.’’ EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1974 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 93–484, § 4, Oct. 26, 1974, 88 Stat. 1460, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective Jan. 1, 1974. EFFECTIVE DATE Pub. L. 92–603, title III, § 301, Oct. 30, 1972, 86 Stat. 1465, provided that this section is effective Jan. 1, 1974. FINDINGS Pub. L. 111–255, § 2, Oct. 5, 2010, 124 Stat. 2640, as amended by Pub. L. 111–255, § 3(e), Oct. 5, 2010, 124 Stat. 2641; Pub. L. 114–63, § 2, Oct. 7, 2015, 129 Stat. 549, pro- vided that: ‘‘Congress finds the following: ‘‘(1) Advances in medicine depend on clinical trial research conducted at public and private research in- stitutions across the United States. ‘‘(2) The challenges associated with enrolling par- ticipants in clinical research studies are especially difficult for studies that evaluate treatments for rare diseases and conditions (defined by the Orphan Drug Act [Pub. L. 97–414, see Short Title of 1983 Amend- ments note set out under section 301 of Title 21, Food and Drugs] as a disease or condition affecting fewer than 200,000 Americans), where the available number of willing and able research participants may be very small. ‘‘(3) In accordance with ethical standards estab- lished by the National Institutes of Health, sponsors of clinical research may provide payments to trial participants for out-of-pocket costs associated with trial enrollment and for the time and commitment demanded by those who participate in a study. When offering compensation, clinical trial sponsors are re- quired to provide such payments to all participants. ‘‘(4) The offer of payment for research participation may pose a barrier to trial enrollment when such payments threaten the eligibility of clinical trial participants for Supplemental Security Income and Medicaid benefits. ‘‘(5) With a small number of potential trial partici- pants and the possible loss of Supplemental Security Income and Medicaid benefits for many who wish to participate, clinical trial research for rare diseases and conditions becomes exceptionally difficult and may hinder research on new treatments and potential cures for these rare diseases and conditions.’’ [Section 3(e) of Pub. L. 111–255, formerly set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2010 Amendment note above, which repealed section 2 of Pub. L. 111–255, set out above, 5 years after Oct. 5, 2010, was itself re- pealed by Pub. L. 114–63, § 2, Oct. 7, 2015, 129 Stat. 549, effective as if included in Pub. L. 111–255.] APPLICATION TO NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS For applicability of this section to Northern Mariana Islands, see section 502(a)(1) of the Covenant to Estab- lish a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in Political Union with the United States of America and Proc. No. 4534, Oct. 24, 1977, 42 F.R. 6593, set out as notes under section 1801 of Title 48, Territories and In- sular Possessions. PUERTO RICO, GUAM, AND VIRGIN ISLANDS Enactment of provisions of Pub. L. 92–603, eff. Jan. 1, 1974, not applicable to Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Vir- gin Islands, see section 303(b) of Pub. L. 92–603, set out as a note under section 301 of this title. § 1382b. Resources (a) Exclusions from resources In determining the resources of an individual (and his eligible spouse, if any) there shall be ex- cluded— (1) the home (including the land that apper- tains thereto); (2)(A) household goods, personal effects, and an automobile, to the extent that their total value does not exceed such amount as the Commissioner of Social Security determines to be reasonable; and (B) the value of any burial space or agree- ment (including any interest accumulated thereon) representing the purchase of a burial space (subject to such limits as to size or value as the Commissioner of Social Security may by regulation prescribe) held for the pur- pose of providing a place for the burial of the individual, his spouse, or any other member of his immediate family; (3) other property which is so essential to the means of self-support of such individual (and such spouse) as to warrant its exclusion, as determined in accordance with and subject to limitations prescribed by the Commissioner of Social Security, except that the Commis-