8 U.S.C. § 1225 — Inspection by immigration officers; expe-

Page 291 TITLE 8—ALIENS AND NATIONALITY § 1225 authorized to prescribe rules regulating such proceedings against aircraft in any particular not otherwise provided by law. Any aircraft made subject to a lien by this section may be summarily seized by, and placed in the custody of such persons as the Attorney General may by regulation prescribe. The aircraft may be re- leased from such custody upon deposit of such amount not exceeding $2,000 as the Attorney General may prescribe, or of a bond in such sum and with such sureties as the Attorney General may prescribe, conditioned upon the payment of the penalty which may be finally determined by the Attorney General. (June 27, 1952, ch. 477, title II, ch. 4, § 234, for- merly § 239, 66 Stat. 203; Pub. L. 101–649, title V, § 543(a)(3), Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 5058; Pub. L. 102–232, title III, § 306(c)(2), Dec. 12, 1991, 105 Stat. 1752; renumbered § 234, Pub. L. 104–208, div. C, title III, § 304(a)(1), Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–587.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original, ‘‘this Act’’, meaning act June 27, 1952, ch. 477, 66 Stat. 163, known as the Immigration and Nationality Act, which is classified principally to this chapter. For com- plete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1101 of this title and Tables. CODIFICATION Section was formerly classified to section 1229 of this title prior to renumbering by Pub. L. 104–208. PRIOR PROVISIONS A prior section 1224, act June 27, 1952, ch. 477, title II, ch. 4, § 234, 66 Stat. 198, as amended, which related to physical and mental examinations, was renumbered section 232(b) of act June 27, 1952, by Pub. L. 104–208, div. C, title III, § 308(b)(3), Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–615, and was transferred to section 1222(b) of this title. AMENDMENTS 1991—Pub. L. 102–232 made technical correction to di- rectory language of Pub. L. 101–649. See 1990 Amend- ment note below. 1990—Pub. L. 101–649, as amended by Pub. L. 102–232, substituted ‘‘$2,000’’ for ‘‘$500’’ in two places. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1991 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 102–232 effective as if included in the enactment of the Immigration Act of 1990, Pub. L. 101–649, see section 310(1) of Pub. L. 102–232, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1990 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 101–649 applicable to actions taken after Nov. 29, 1990, see section 543(c) of Pub. L. 101–649, set out as a note under section 1221 of this title. ABOLITION OF IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION SERVICE AND TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS For abolition of Immigration and Naturalization Service, transfer of functions, and treatment of related references, see note set out under section 1551 of this title. § 1225. Inspection by immigration officers; expe- dited removal of inadmissible arriving aliens; referral for hearing (a) Inspection (1) Aliens treated as applicants for admission An alien present in the United States who has not been admitted or who arrives in the United States (whether or not at a designated port of arrival and including an alien who is brought to the United States after having been interdicted in international or United States waters) shall be deemed for purposes of this chapter an applicant for admission. (2) Stowaways An arriving alien who is a stowaway is not eligible to apply for admission or to be admit- ted and shall be ordered removed upon inspec- tion by an immigration officer. Upon such in- spection if the alien indicates an intention to apply for asylum under section 1158 of this title or a fear of persecution, the officer shall refer the alien for an interview under sub- section (b)(1)(B). A stowaway may apply for asylum only if the stowaway is found to have a credible fear of persecution under subsection (b)(1)(B). In no case may a stowaway be con- sidered an applicant for admission or eligible for a hearing under section 1229a of this title. (3) Inspection All aliens (including alien crewmen) who are applicants for admission or otherwise seeking admission or readmission to or transit through the United States shall be inspected by immigration officers. (4) Withdrawal of application for admission An alien applying for admission may, in the discretion of the Attorney General and at any time, be permitted to withdraw the applica- tion for admission and depart immediately from the United States. (5) Statements An applicant for admission may be required to state under oath any information sought by an immigration officer regarding the purposes and intentions of the applicant in seeking ad- mission to the United States, including the applicant’s intended length of stay and wheth- er the applicant intends to remain perma- nently or become a United States citizen, and whether the applicant is inadmissible. (b) Inspection of applicants for admission (1) Inspection of aliens arriving in the United States and certain other aliens who have not been admitted or paroled (A) Screening (i) In general If an immigration officer determines that an alien (other than an alien de- scribed in subparagraph (F)) who is arriv- ing in the United States or is described in clause (iii) is inadmissible under section 1182(a)(6)(C) or 1182(a)(7) of this title, the officer shall order the alien removed from the United States without further hearing or review unless the alien indicates either Page 292 TITLE 8—ALIENS AND NATIONALITY § 1225 an intention to apply for asylum under section 1158 of this title or a fear of perse- cution. (ii) Claims for asylum If an immigration officer determines that an alien (other than an alien de- scribed in subparagraph (F)) who is arriv- ing in the United States or is described in clause (iii) is inadmissible under section 1182(a)(6)(C) or 1182(a)(7) of this title and the alien indicates either an intention to apply for asylum under section 1158 of this title or a fear of persecution, the officer shall refer the alien for an interview by an asylum officer under subparagraph (B). (iii) Application to certain other aliens (I) In general The Attorney General may apply clauses (i) and (ii) of this subparagraph to any or all aliens described in sub- clause (II) as designated by the Attorney General. Such designation shall be in the sole and unreviewable discretion of the Attorney General and may be modified at any time. (II) Aliens described An alien described in this clause is an alien who is not described in subpara- graph (F), who has not been admitted or paroled into the United States, and who has not affirmatively shown, to the sat- isfaction of an immigration officer, that the alien has been physically present in the United States continuously for the 2- year period immediately prior to the date of the determination of inadmis- sibility under this subparagraph. (B) Asylum interviews (i) Conduct by asylum officers An asylum officer shall conduct inter- views of aliens referred under subpara- graph (A)(ii), either at a port of entry or at such other place designated by the Attor- ney General. (ii) Referral of certain aliens If the officer determines at the time of the interview that an alien has a credible fear of persecution (within the meaning of clause (v)), the alien shall be detained for further consideration of the application for asylum. (iii) Removal without further review if no credible fear of persecution (I) In general Subject to subclause (III), if the officer determines that an alien does not have a credible fear of persecution, the officer shall order the alien removed from the United States without further hearing or review. (II) Record of determination The officer shall prepare a written record of a determination under sub- clause (I). Such record shall include a summary of the material facts as stated by the applicant, such additional facts (if any) relied upon by the officer, and the officer’s analysis of why, in the light of such facts, the alien has not estab- lished a credible fear of persecution. A copy of the officer’s interview notes shall be attached to the written sum- mary. (III) Review of determination The Attorney General shall provide by regulation and upon the alien’s request for prompt review by an immigration judge of a determination under subclause (I) that the alien does not have a cred- ible fear of persecution. Such review shall include an opportunity for the alien to be heard and questioned by the immigration judge, either in person or by telephonic or video connection. Re- view shall be concluded as expeditiously as possible, to the maximum extent practicable within 24 hours, but in no case later than 7 days after the date of the determination under subclause (I). (IV) Mandatory detention Any alien subject to the procedures under this clause shall be detained pend- ing a final determination of credible fear of persecution and, if found not to have such a fear, until removed. (iv) Information about interviews The Attorney General shall provide in- formation concerning the asylum inter- view described in this subparagraph to aliens who may be eligible. An alien who is eligible for such interview may consult with a person or persons of the alien’s choosing prior to the interview or any re- view thereof, according to regulations pre- scribed by the Attorney General. Such consultation shall be at no expense to the Government and shall not unreasonably delay the process. (v) ‘‘Credible fear of persecution’’ defined For purposes of this subparagraph, the term ‘‘credible fear of persecution’’ means that there is a significant possibility, tak- ing into account the credibility of the statements made by the alien in support of the alien’s claim and such other facts as are known to the officer, that the alien could establish eligibility for asylum under section 1158 of this title. (C) Limitation on administrative review Except as provided in subparagraph (B)(iii)(III), a removal order entered in ac- cordance with subparagraph (A)(i) or (B)(iii)(I) is not subject to administrative appeal, except that the Attorney General shall provide by regulation for prompt re- view of such an order under subparagraph (A)(i) against an alien who claims under oath, or as permitted under penalty of per- jury under section 1746 of title 28, after hav- ing been warned of the penalties for falsely making such claim under such conditions, to have been lawfully admitted for permanent residence, to have been admitted as a ref- Page 293 TITLE 8—ALIENS AND NATIONALITY § 1225 ugee under section 1157 of this title, or to have been granted asylum under section 1158 of this title. (D) Limit on collateral attacks In any action brought against an alien under section 1325(a) of this title or section 1326 of this title, the court shall not have ju- risdiction to hear any claim attacking the validity of an order of removal entered under subparagraph (A)(i) or (B)(iii). (E) ‘‘Asylum officer’’ defined As used in this paragraph, the term ‘‘asy- lum officer’’ means an immigration officer who— (i) has had professional training in coun- try conditions, asylum law, and interview techniques comparable to that provided to full-time adjudicators of applications under section 1158 of this title, and (ii) is supervised by an officer who meets the condition described in clause (i) and has had substantial experience adjudi- cating asylum applications. (F) Exception Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to an alien who is a native or citizen of a country in the Western Hemisphere with whose gov- ernment the United States does not have full diplomatic relations and who arrives by air- craft at a port of entry. (G) Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Nothing in this subsection shall be con- strued to authorize or require any person de- scribed in section 1158(e) of this title to be permitted to apply for asylum under section 1158 of this title at any time before January 1, 2014. (2) Inspection of other aliens (A) In general Subject to subparagraphs (B) and (C), in the case of an alien who is an applicant for admission, if the examining immigration of- ficer determines that an alien seeking ad- mission is not clearly and beyond a doubt entitled to be admitted, the alien shall be detained for a proceeding under section 1229a of this title. (B) Exception Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to an alien— (i) who is a crewman, (ii) to whom paragraph (1) applies, or (iii) who is a stowaway. (C) Treatment of aliens arriving from contig- uous territory In the case of an alien described in sub- paragraph (A) who is arriving on land (whether or not at a designated port of ar- rival) from a foreign territory contiguous to the United States, the Attorney General may return the alien to that territory pend- ing a proceeding under section 1229a of this title. (3) Challenge of decision The decision of the examining immigration officer, if favorable to the admission of any alien, shall be subject to challenge by any other immigration officer and such challenge shall operate to take the alien whose privilege to be admitted is so challenged, before an im- migration judge for a proceeding under section 1229a of this title. (c) Removal of aliens inadmissible on security and related grounds (1) Removal without further hearing If an immigration officer or an immigration judge suspects that an arriving alien may be inadmissible under subparagraph (A) (other than clause (ii)), (B), or (C) of section 1182(a)(3) of this title, the officer or judge shall— (A) order the alien removed, subject to re- view under paragraph (2); (B) report the order of removal to the At- torney General; and (C) not conduct any further inquiry or hearing until ordered by the Attorney Gen- eral. (2) Review of order (A) The Attorney General shall review or- ders issued under paragraph (1). (B) If the Attorney General— (i) is satisfied on the basis of confidential information that the alien is inadmissible under subparagraph (A) (other than clause (ii)), (B), or (C) of section 1182(a)(3) of this title, and (ii) after consulting with appropriate secu- rity agencies of the United States Govern- ment, concludes that disclosure of the infor- mation would be prejudicial to the public in- terest, safety, or security, the Attorney General may order the alien re- moved without further inquiry or hearing by an immigration judge. (C) If the Attorney General does not order the removal of the alien under subparagraph (B), the Attorney General shall specify the further inquiry or hearing that shall be con- ducted in the case. (3) Submission of statement and information The alien or the alien’s representative may submit a written statement and additional in- formation for consideration by the Attorney General. (d) Authority relating to inspections (1) Authority to search conveyances Immigration officers are authorized to board and search any vessel, aircraft, railway car, or other conveyance or vehicle in which they be- lieve aliens are being brought into the United States. (2) Authority to order detention and delivery of arriving aliens Immigration officers are authorized to order an owner, agent, master, commanding officer, person in charge, purser, or consignee of a ves- sel or aircraft bringing an alien (except an alien crewmember) to the United States— (A) to detain the alien on the vessel or at the airport of arrival, and (B) to deliver the alien to an immigration officer for inspection or to a medical officer for examination. Page 294 TITLE 8—ALIENS AND NATIONALITY § 1225 (3) Administration of oath and consideration of evidence The Attorney General and any immigration officer shall have power to administer oaths and to take and consider evidence of or from any person touching the privilege of any alien or person he believes or suspects to be an alien to enter, reenter, transit through, or reside in the United States or concerning any matter which is material and relevant to the enforce- ment of this chapter and the administration of the Service. (4) Subpoena authority (A) The Attorney General and any immigra- tion officer shall have power to require by sub- poena the attendance and testimony of wit- nesses before immigration officers and the production of books, papers, and documents relating to the privilege of any person to enter, reenter, reside in, or pass through the United States or concerning any matter which is material and relevant to the enforcement of this chapter and the administration of the Service, and to that end may invoke the aid of any court of the United States. (B) Any United States district court within the jurisdiction of which investigations or in- quiries are being conducted by an immigration officer may, in the event of neglect or refusal to respond to a subpoena issued under this paragraph or refusal to testify before an immi- gration officer, issue an order requiring such persons to appear before an immigration offi- cer, produce books, papers, and documents if demanded, and testify, and any failure to obey such order of the court may be punished by the court as a contempt thereof. (June 27, 1952, ch. 477, title II, ch. 4, § 235, 66 Stat. 198; Pub. L. 101–649, title VI, § 603(a)(11), Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 5083; Pub. L. 104–132, title IV, §§ 422(a), 423(b), Apr. 24, 1996, 110 Stat. 1270, 1272; Pub. L. 104–208, div. C, title III, §§ 302(a), 308(d)(5), 371(b)(4), Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–579, 3009–619, 3009–645; Pub. L. 110–229, title VII, § 702(j)(5), May 8, 2008, 122 Stat. 867.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (a)(1) and (d)(3), (4)(A), was in the original, ‘‘this Act’’, meaning act June 27, 1952, ch. 477, 66 Stat. 163, known as the Immi- gration and Nationality Act, which is classified prin- cipally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1101 of this title and Tables. AMENDMENTS 2008—Subsec. (b)(1)(G). Pub. L. 110–229 added subpar. (G). 1996—Pub. L. 104–208, § 302(a), amended section gen- erally, revising and restating former subsecs. (a) to (d) relating to inspection of aliens arriving in the United States, powers of immigration officers, detention of aliens for further inquiry, temporary and permanent exclusion of aliens, and collateral attacks on orders of exclusion and deportation. Pub. L. 104–208, § 371(b)(4), substituted ‘‘an immigra- tion judge’’ for ‘‘a special inquiry officer’’, ‘‘immigra- tion judge’’ for ‘‘special inquiry officer’’, and ‘‘immi- gration judges’’ for ‘‘special inquiry officers’’, wherever appearing in subsecs. (a) to (c). Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–132, § 422(a), which directed the general amendment of subsec. (b) by substituting pars. (1) to (3) relating to asylum interviews and hear- ings, detention for further inquiry, and challenges of favorable decisions, for former subsec. (b) consisting of single par., was repealed by Pub. L. 104–208, § 308(d)(5). See Construction of 1996 Amendment note below. Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 104–132, § 423(b), added subsec. (d) which read as follows: ‘‘In any action brought for the assessment of penalties for improper entry or re-entry of an alien under section 1325 or section 1326 of this title, no court shall have jurisdiction to hear claims collaterally attacking the validity of orders of exclu- sion, special exclusion, or deportation entered under this section or sections 1226 and 1252 of this title.’’ 1990—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101–649 substituted ‘‘sub- paragraph (A) (other than clause (ii)), (B), or (C) of sec- tion 1182(a)(3) of this title’’ for ‘‘paragraph (27), (28), or (29) of section 1182(a) of this title’’. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2008 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 110–229 effective on the transi- tion program effective date described in section 1806 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions, see sec- tion 705(b) of Pub. L. 110–229, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1806 of Title 48. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1996 AMENDMENTS Amendment by section 302(a) of Pub. L. 104–208 effec- tive, with certain transitional provisions, on the first day of the first month beginning more than 180 days after Sept. 30, 1996, see section 309 of Pub. L. 104–208, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title. Pub. L. 104–208, div. C, title III, § 308(d)(5), Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–619, provided that the amendment made by section 308(d)(5) is effective as of Apr. 24, 1996. See Construction of 1996 Amendment note below. Amendment by section 371(b)(4) of Pub. L. 104–208 ef- fective Sept. 30, 1996, see section 371(d)(1) of Pub. L. 104–208, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title. Pub. L. 104–132, title IV, § 422(c), Apr. 24, 1996, 110 Stat. 1272, which provided that the amendments made by sec- tion 422 of Pub. L. 104–132 [amending this section and former section 1227 of this title] were to take effect on the first day of the first month that began more than 180 days after Apr. 24, 1996, was repealed by Pub. L. 104–208, div. C, title III, § 308(d)(5), Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–619. See Construction of 1996 Amendment note below. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1990 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 101–649 applicable to individ- uals entering United States on or after June 1, 1991, see section 601(e)(1) of Pub. L. 101–649, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title. CONSTRUCTION OF 1996 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 104–208, div. C, title III, § 308(d)(5), Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–619, provided that: ‘‘Effective as of the date of the enactment of the Antiterrorism and Ef- fective Death Penalty Act of 1996 [Pub. L. 104–132, ap- proved Apr. 24, 1996], section 422 of such Act [amending this section and section 1227 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note above] is repealed and the Immigration and Nationality Act [8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.] shall be applied as if such section had not been en- acted.’’ ABOLITION OF IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION SERVICE AND TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS For abolition of Immigration and Naturalization Service, transfer of functions, and treatment of related references, see note set out under section 1551 of this title. GAO STUDY ON OPERATION OF EXPEDITED REMOVAL PROCEDURES Pub. L. 104–208, div. C, title III, § 302(b), Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–584, required the Comptroller General to Page 295 TITLE 8—ALIENS AND NATIONALITY § 1225a conduct a study on the implementation and effective- ness of the expedited removal procedures under subsec. (b)(1) of this section and submit to Congress a report on the study no later than 18 months after Sept. 30, 1996. REFERENCES TO ORDER OF REMOVAL DEEMED TO INCLUDE ORDER OF EXCLUSION AND DEPORTATION For purposes of this chapter, any reference in law to an order of removal is deemed to include a reference to an order of exclusion and deportation or an order of de- portation, see section 309(d)(2) of Pub. L. 104–208, set out in an Effective Date of 1996 Amendments note under section 1101 of this title. § 1225a. Preinspection at foreign airports (a) Establishment of preinspection stations (1) NEW STATIONS.—Subject to paragraph (5), not later than October 31, 1998, the Attorney General, in consultation with the Secretary of State, shall establish and maintain preinspection stations in at least 5 of the foreign airports that are among the 10 foreign airports which the Attorney General identifies as serving as last points of departure for the greatest num- bers of inadmissible alien passengers who arrive from abroad by air at ports of entry within the United States. Such preinspection stations shall be in addition to any preinspection stations es- tablished prior to September 30, 1996. (2) REPORT.—Not later than October 31, 1998, the Attorney General shall report to the Com- mittees on the Judiciary of the House of Rep- resentatives and of the Senate on the implemen- tation of paragraph (1). (3) DATA COLLECTION.—Not later than Novem- ber 1, 1997, and each subsequent November 1, the Attorney General shall compile data identi- fying— (A) the foreign airports which served as last points of departure for aliens who arrived by air at United States ports of entry without valid documentation during the preceding fis- cal years; (B) the number and nationality of such aliens arriving from each such foreign airport; and (C) the primary routes such aliens followed from their country of origin to the United States. (4) Subject to paragraph (5), not later than January 1, 2008, the Secretary of Homeland Se- curity, in consultation with the Secretary of State, shall establish preinspection stations in at least 25 additional foreign airports, which the Secretary of Homeland Security, in consultation with the Secretary of State, determines, based on the data compiled under paragraph (3) and such other information as may be available, would most effectively facilitate the travel of admissible aliens and reduce the number of inad- missible aliens, especially aliens who are poten- tial terrorists, who arrive from abroad by air at points of entry within the United States. Such preinspection stations shall be in addition to those established before September 30, 1996, or pursuant to paragraph (1). (5) CONDITIONS.—Prior to the establishment of a preinspection station, the Attorney General, in consultation with the Secretary of State, shall ensure that— (A) employees of the United States stationed at the preinspection station and their accom- panying family members will receive appro- priate protection; (B) such employees and their families will not be subject to unreasonable risks to their welfare and safety; and (C) the country in which the preinspection station is to be established maintains prac- tices and procedures with respect to asylum seekers and refugees in accordance with the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees (done at Geneva, July 28, 1951), or the Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees (done at New York, January 31, 1967), or that an alien in the country otherwise has recourse to ave- nues of protection from return to persecution. (b) Establishment of carrier consultant program and immigration security initiative The Secretary of Homeland Security shall as- sign additional immigration officers to assist air carriers in the detection of fraudulent docu- ments at foreign airports which, based on the records maintained pursuant to subsection (a)(3), served as a point of departure for a sig- nificant number of arrivals at United States ports of entry without valid documentation, but where no preinspection station exists. Beginning not later than December 31, 2006, the number of airports selected for an assignment under this subsection shall be at least 50. (June 27, 1952, ch. 477, title II, ch. 4, § 235A, as added Pub. L. 104–208, div. C, title I, § 123(a), Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–560; amended Pub. L. 108–458, title VII, §§ 7206(a), 7210(d)(1), Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3817, 3825.) Editorial Notes CODIFICATION September 30, 1996, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), was in the original ‘‘the date of the enactment of such Act’’, which was translated as meaning the date of enactment of Pub. L. 104–208, which enacted this section, to reflect the probable intent of Congress. AMENDMENTS 2004—Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 108–458, § 7210(d)(1), amended par. (4) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (4) read as follows: ‘‘(4) ADDITIONAL STATIONS.—Subject to paragraph (5), not later than October 31, 2000, the At- torney General, in consultation with the Secretary of State, shall establish preinspection stations in at least 5 additional foreign airports which the Attorney Gen- eral, in consultation with the Secretary of State, deter- mines, based on the data compiled under paragraph (3) and such other information as may be available, would most effectively reduce the number of aliens who arrive from abroad by air at points of entry within the United States who are inadmissible to the United States. Such preinspection stations shall be in addition to those es- tablished prior to September 30, 1996, or pursuant to paragraph (1).’’ Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 108–458, § 7206(a), inserted ‘‘and immigration security initiative’’ after ‘‘program’’ in heading, substituted ‘‘Secretary of Homeland Security’’ for ‘‘Attorney General’’ in text, and inserted at end ‘‘Beginning not later than December 31, 2006, the num- ber of airports selected for an assignment under this subsection shall be at least 50.’’ Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries ABOLITION OF IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION SERVICE AND TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS For abolition of Immigration and Naturalization Service, transfer of functions, and treatment of related