In this subchapter:
**(a) Outer Continental Shelf.—** The term “outer Continental Shelf” means—
(1) all submerged lands lying seaward and outside of the area of lands beneath navigable waters as defined in [section 1301 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title43-section1301&num=0&edition=prelim), and of which the subsoil and seabed appertain to the United States and are subject to its jurisdiction and control or within the exclusive economic zone of the United States and adjacent to any territory of the United States; and
(2) does not include any area conveyed by Congress to a territorial government for administration;
**(b) Secretary.—** The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of the Interior, except that with respect to functions under this subchapter transferred to, or vested in, the Secretary of Energy or the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission by or pursuant to the Department of Energy Organization Act ([42 U.S.C. 7101](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section7101&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.), the term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Energy, or the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, as the case may be.
**(c) Lease.—** The term “lease” means any form of authorization which is issued under [section 1337 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title43-section1337&num=0&edition=prelim) or maintained under [section 1335 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title43-section1335&num=0&edition=prelim) and which authorizes exploration for, and development and production of, minerals.
**(d) Person.—** The term “person” includes, in addition to a natural person, an association, a State, a political subdivision o
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_da84e30f73bb665346a20037 Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-43/section-1331-definitions--e5a8ad316d.md Pages: Not recorded – Not recorded Passage SHA-256: 657b8af90f24282a523864b07b771cb4d1062b35cf204790ff98f86661d1d314 Retained source evidence SHA-256: bcb5cd664e673907e99190ef8c939bcf914b2345abe78fb5db801e94c7328897
Source location: Title 43, Chapter 29, § 1331; chapter-029-submerged-lands.md
Stored source content
In this subchapter:
**(a) Outer Continental Shelf.—** The term “outer Continental Shelf” means—
(1) all submerged lands lying seaward and outside of the area of lands beneath navigable waters as defined in [section 1301 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title43-section1301&num=0&edition=prelim), and of which the subsoil and seabed appertain to the United States and are subject to its jurisdiction and control or within the exclusive economic zone of the United States and adjacent to any territory of the United States; and
(2) does not include any area conveyed by Congress to a territorial government for administration;
**(b) Secretary.—** The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of the Interior, except that with respect to functions under this subchapter transferred to, or vested in, the Secretary of Energy or the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission by or pursuant to the Department of Energy Organization Act ([42 U.S.C. 7101](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section7101&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.), the term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Energy, or the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, as the case may be.
**(c) Lease.—** The term “lease” means any form of authorization which is issued under [section 1337 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title43-section1337&num=0&edition=prelim) or maintained under [section 1335 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title43-section1335&num=0&edition=prelim) and which authorizes exploration for, and development and production of, minerals.
**(d) Person.—** The term “person” includes, in addition to a natural person, an association, a State, a political subdivision of a State, or a private, public, or municipal corporation.
**(e) Coastal zone.—** The term “coastal zone” means the coastal waters (including the lands therein and thereunder) and the adjacent shorelands (including the waters therein and thereunder), strongly influenced by each other and in proximity to the shorelines of the several coastal States, and includes islands, transition and intertidal areas, salt marshes, wetlands, and beaches, which zone extends seaward to the outer limit of the United States territorial sea and extends inland from the shorelines to the extent necessary to control shorelands, the uses of which have a direct and significant impact on the coastal waters, and the inward boundaries of which may be identified by the several coastal States, pursuant to the authority of section 1454(b)(1) 11 See References in Text note below. of title 16.
**(f) Affected State.—** The term “affected State” means, with respect to any program, plan, lease sale, or other activity, proposed, conducted, or approved pursuant to the provisions of this subchapter, any State—
(1) the laws of which are declared, pursuant to [section 1333(a)(2) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title43-section1333/a/2&num=0&edition=prelim), to be the law of the United States for the portion of the outer Continental Shelf on which such activity is, or is proposed to be, conducted;
(2) which is, or is proposed to be, directly connected by transportation facilities to any artificial island or structure referred to in [section 1333(a)(1) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title43-section1333/a/1&num=0&edition=prelim);
(3) which is receiving, or in accordnace 22 So in original. Probably should be “accordance”. with the proposed activity will receive, oil for processing, refining, or transshipment which was extracted from the outer Continental Shelf and transported directly to such State by means of vessels or by a combination of means including vessels;
(4) which is designated by the Secretary as a State in which there is a substantial probability of significant impact on or damage to the coastal, marine, or human environment, or a State in which there will be significant changes in the social, governmental, or economic infrastructure, resulting from the exploration, development, and production of oil and gas anywhere on the outer Continental Shelf; or
(5) in which the Secretary finds that because of such activity there is, or will be, a significant risk of serious damage, due to factors such as prevailing winds and currents, to the marine or coastal environment in the event of any oilspill, blowout, or release of oil or gas from vessels, pipelines, or other transshipment facilities.
**(g) Marine environment.—** The term “marine environment” means the physical, atmospheric, and biological components, conditions, and factors which interactively determine the productivity, state, condition, and quality of the marine ecosystem, including the waters of the high seas, the contiguous zone, transitional and intertidal areas, salt marshes, and wetlands within the coastal zone and on the outer Continental Shelf.
**(h) Coastal environment.—** The term “coastal environment” means the physical atmospheric, and biological components, conditions, and factors which interactively determine the productivity, state, condition, and quality of the terrestrial ecosystem from the shoreline inward to the boundaries of the coastal zone.
**(i) Human environment.—** The term “human environment” means the physical, social, and economic components, conditions, and factors which interactively determine the state, condition, and quality of living conditions, employment, and health of those affected, directly or indirectly, by activities occurring on the outer Continental Shelf.
**(j) Governor.—** The term “Governor” means the Governor of a State, or the person or entity designated by, or pursuant to, State law to exercise the powers granted to such Governor pursuant to this subchapter.
**(k) Exploration.—** The term “exploration” means the process of searching for minerals, including (1) geophysical surveys where magnetic, gravity, seismic, or other systems are used to detect or imply the presence of such minerals, and (2) any drilling, whether on or off known geological structures, including the drilling of a well in which a discovery of oil or natural gas in paying quantities is made and the drilling of any additional delineation well after such discovery which is needed to delineate any reservoir and to enable the lessee to determine whether to proceed with development and production.
**(l) Development.—** The term “development” means those activities which take place following discovery of minerals in paying quantities, including geophysical activity, drilling, platform construction, and operation of all onshore support facilities, and which are for the purpose of ultimately producing the minerals discovered.
**(m) Production.—** The term “production” means those activities which take place after the successful completion of any means for the removal of minerals, including such removal, field operations, transfer of minerals to shore, operation monitoring, maintenance, and work-over drilling.
**(n) Antitrust law.—** The term “antitrust law” means—
(1) the Sherman Act ([15 U.S.C. 1](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section1&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.);
(2) the Clayton Act ([15 U.S.C. 12](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section12&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.);
(3) the Federal Trade Commission Act ([15 U.S.C. 41](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section41&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.);
(4) the Wilson Tariff Act ([15 U.S.C. 8](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section8&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.); or
(5) the Act of June 19, 1936, chapter 592 ([15 U.S.C. 13](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section13&num=0&edition=prelim), 13a, 13b, and 21a).
**(o) Fair market value.—** The term “fair market value” means the value of any mineral (1) computed at a unit price equivalent to the average unit price at which such mineral was sold pursuant to a lease during the period for which any royalty or net profit share is accrued or reserved to the United States pursuant to such lease, or (2) if there were no such sales, or if the Secretary finds that there were an insufficient number of such sales to equitably determine such value, computed at the average unit price at which such mineral was sold pursuant to other leases in the same region of the outer Continental Shelf during such period, or (3) if there were no sales of such mineral from such region during such period, or if the Secretary finds that there are an insufficient number of such sales to equitably determine such value, at an appropriate price determined by the Secretary.
**(p) Major Federal action.—** The term “major Federal action” means any action or proposal by the Secretary which is subject to the provisions of [section 4332(2)(C) of title 42](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section4332/2/C&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(q) Minerals.—** The term “minerals” includes oil, gas, sulphur, geopressured-geothermal and associated resources, and all other minerals which are authorized by an Act of Congress to be produced from “public lands” as defined in [section 1702 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title43-section1702&num=0&edition=prelim); and 33 So in original. Probably should be “title.”
**(r) 44 So in original. Another subsec. (r) is set out following subsec. (s). Carbon dioxide stream.—**
(1) **In general.—** — The term “carbon dioxide stream” means carbon dioxide that—
(A) has been captured; and
(B) consists overwhelmingly of—
(i) carbon dioxide plus incidental associated substances derived from the source material or capture process; and
(ii) any substances added to the stream for the purpose of enabling or improving the injection process.
(2) **Exclusions.—** — The term “carbon dioxide stream” does not include additional waste or other matter added to the carbon dioxide stream for the purpose of disposal.
**(s) Carbon sequestration.—** The term “carbon sequestration” means the act of storing carbon dioxide that has been removed from the atmosphere or captured through physical, chemical, or biological processes that can prevent the carbon dioxide from reaching the atmosphere.
**(r)** 55 So in original. Another subsec. (r) is set out following subsec. (q). The term “State” means—
(1) each of the several States;
(2) the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico;
(3) Guam;
(4) American Samoa;
(5) the United States Virgin Islands; and
(6) the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.
Cross-references
Connections may be documented source relationships, shared citations or nearby passages. Each explains its basis; a connection alone does not establish applicability to your situation.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Every contract, combination in the form of trust or otherwise, or conspiracy, in restraint of trade or commerce among the several States, or with foreign nations, is declared to be illegal. Every person who shall make any contract or engage in any combination or conspiracy hereby declared to be illegal shall be deemed guilty of a felony, and, on conviction thereof, shall be punished by fine not exceeding $100,000,000 if a corporation, or, if any other person, $1,000,000, or by imprisonment not exceeding 10 years, or by both said punishments, in the discretion of the court.
Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. The source passage cites 15 U.S.C. § 1. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
§ 1. Trusts, etc., in restraint of trade illegal; pen-
alty
Every contract, combination in the form of
trust or otherwise, or conspiracy, in restraint of
trade or commerce among the several States, or
with foreign nations, is declared to be illegal.
Every person who shall make any contract or
engage in any combination or conspiracy hereby
declared to be illegal shall be deemed guilty of
a felony, and, on conviction thereof, shall be
punished by fine not exceeding $100,000,000 if a
corporation, or, if any other person, $1,000,000, or
by imprisonment not exceeding 10 years, or by
both said punishments, in the discretion of the
court.
(July 2, 1890, ch. 647, § 1, 26 Stat. 209; Aug. 17,
1937, ch. 690, title VIII, 50 Stat. 693; July 7, 1955,
ch. 281, 69 Stat. 282; Pub. L. 93–528, § 3, Dec. 21,
1974, 88 Stat. 1708; Pub. L. 94–145, § 2, Dec. 12,
1975, 89 Stat. 801; Pub. L. 101–588, § 4(a), Nov. 16,
1990, 104 Stat. 2880; Pub. L. 108–237, title II,
§ 215(a), June 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 668.)
Page 4
TITLE 15—COMMERCE AND TRADE
§ 1
Editorial Notes
AMENDMENTS
2004—Pub. L. 108–237 substituted ‘‘$100,000,000’’ for
‘‘$10,000,000’’, ‘‘$1,000,000’’ for ‘‘$350,000’’, and ‘‘10’’ for
‘‘three’’.
1990—Pub. L. 101–588 substituted ‘‘$10,000,000’’ for ‘‘one
million dollars’’ and ‘‘$350,000’’ for ‘‘one hundred thou-
sand dollars’’.
1975—Pub. L. 94–145 struck out from first sentence
two provisos granting anti-trust exemption to State
fair trade laws.
1974—Pub. L. 93–528 substituted ‘‘a felony, and, on
conviction thereof, shall be punished by fine not ex-
ceeding one million dollars if a corporation, or, if any
other person, one hundred thousand dollars, or by im-
prisonment not exceeding three years’’ for ‘‘a mis-
demeanor, and on conviction thereof, shall be punish
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 15 U.S.C. § 1. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** “Antitrust laws,” as used herein, includes the Act entitled “An Act to protect trade and commerce against unlawful restraints and monopolies,” approved July second, eighteen hundred and ninety; sections seventy-three to seventy-six, inclusive, of an Act entitled “An Act to reduce taxation, to provide revenue for the Government, and for other purposes,” of August twenty-seventh, eighteen hundred and ninety-four; an Act entitled “An Act to amend sections seventy-three and seventy-six of the Act of August twenty-seventh, eighteen hundred and ninety-four, entitled ‘An Act to reduce taxation, to provide revenue for the Government, and for other purposes,’ ” approved February twelfth, nineteen hundred and thirteen; and also this Act.“Commerce,” as used herein, means trade or commerce among the several States and with foreign nations, or between the District of Columbia or any Territory of the United States and any State, Territory, or foreign nation, or between any insular possessions or other places under the jurisdiction of the United States, or between any such possession or place and any State or Territory of the United States or the District of Columbia or any foreign nation, or within the District of Columbia or any Territory or any insular possession or other place under the jurisdiction of the United States: Provided, That nothing in this Act contained shall apply to the Philippine Islands. The word “person” or “persons” wherever used in this Act shall be deemed to include corporations and associations existing under or authorized by the laws of either the United States, the laws of any of the Territories, the laws of any State, or the laws of any foreign country.
**(b)** This Act may be cited as the “Clayton Act”.
Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. The source passage cites 15 U.S.C. § 12. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
§ 12. Definitions; short title
(a) ‘‘Antitrust laws,’’ as used herein, includes
the Act entitled ‘‘An Act to protect trade and
commerce against unlawful restraints and mo-
nopolies,’’ approved July second, eighteen hun-
dred and ninety; sections seventy-three to sev-
enty-six, inclusive, of an Act entitled ‘‘An Act
to reduce taxation, to provide revenue for the
Government, and for other purposes,’’ of August
twenty-seventh, eighteen hundred and ninety-
four; an Act entitled ‘‘An Act to amend sections
seventy-three and seventy-six of the Act of Au-
gust twenty-seventh, eighteen hundred and nine-
ty-four, entitled ‘An Act to reduce taxation, to
provide revenue for the Government, and for
other purposes,’ ’’ approved February twelfth,
nineteen hundred and thirteen; and also this
Act.
Page 20
TITLE 15—COMMERCE AND TRADE
§ 13
‘‘Commerce,’’ as used herein, means trade or
commerce among the several States and with
foreign nations, or between the District of Co-
lumbia or any Territory of the United States
and any State, Territory, or foreign nation, or
between any insular possessions or other places
under the jurisdiction of the United States, or
between any such possession or place and any
State or Territory of the United States or the
District of Columbia or any foreign nation, or
within the District of Columbia or any Territory
or any insular possession or other place under
the jurisdiction of the United States: Provided,
That nothing in this Act contained shall apply
to the Philippine Islands.
The word ‘‘person’’ or ‘‘persons’’ wherever
used in this Act shall be deemed to include cor-
porations and associations existing under or au-
thorized by the laws of either the United States,
the laws of any of the Territories, the laws of
any State, or
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 15 U.S.C. § 12. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Price; selection of customers** It shall be unlawful for any person engaged in commerce, in the course of such commerce, either directly or indirectly, to discriminate in price between different purchasers of commodities of like grade and quality, where either or any of the purchases involved in such discrimination are in commerce, where such commodities are sold for use, consumption, or resale within the United States or any Territory thereof or the District of Columbia or any insular possession or other place under the jurisdiction of the United States, and where the effect of such discrimination may be substantially to lessen competition or tend to create a monopoly in any line of commerce, or to injure, destroy, or prevent competition with any person who either grants or knowingly receives the benefit of such discrimination, or with customers of either of them: Provided, That nothing herein contained shall prevent differentials which make only due allowance for differences in the cost of manufacture, sale, or delivery resulting from the differing methods or quantities in which such commodities are to such purchasers sold or delivered: Provided, however, That the Federal Trade Commission may, after due investigation and hearing to all interested parties, fix and establish quantity limits, and revise the same as it finds necessary, as to particular commodities or classes of commodities, where it finds that available purchasers in greater quantities are so few as to render differentials on account thereof unjustly discriminatory or promotive of monopoly in any line of commerce; and the foregoing shall then not be construed to permit differentials based on differences in quantities greater than those so fixed and established: And provided further, That nothing her
Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. The source passage cites 15 U.S.C. § 13. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
§ 13. Discrimination in price, services, or facili-
ties
(a) Price; selection of customers
It shall be unlawful for any person engaged in
commerce, in the course of such commerce, ei-
ther directly or indirectly, to discriminate in
price between different purchasers of commod-
ities of like grade and quality, where either or
any of the purchases involved in such discrimi-
nation are in commerce, where such commod-
ities are sold for use, consumption, or resale
within the United States or any Territory there-
of or the District of Columbia or any insular
possession or other place under the jurisdiction
of the United States, and where the effect of
such discrimination may be substantially to
lessen competition or tend to create a monopoly
in any line of commerce, or to injure, destroy,
or prevent competition with any person who ei-
ther grants or knowingly receives the benefit of
such discrimination, or with customers of either
of them: Provided, That nothing herein con-
tained shall prevent differentials which make
only due allowance for differences in the cost of
manufacture, sale, or delivery resulting from
the differing methods or quantities in which
such commodities are to such purchasers sold or
delivered: Provided, however, That the Federal
Trade Commission may, after due investigation
and hearing to all interested parties, fix and es-
tablish quantity limits, and revise the same as
it finds necessary, as to particular commodities
or classes of commodities, where it finds that
available purchasers in greater quantities are so
few as to render differentials on account thereof
unjustly discriminatory or promotive of monop-
oly in any line of commerce; and the foregoing
shall then not be construed to permit differen-
tials based on differen
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 15 U.S.C. § 13. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
A commission is created and established, to be known as the Federal Trade Commission (hereinafter referred to as the Commission), which shall be composed of five Commissioners, who shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. Not more than three of the Commissioners shall be members of the same political party. The first Commissioners appointed shall continue in office for terms of three, four, five, six, and seven years, respectively, from September 26, 1914, the term of each to be designated by the President, but their successors shall be appointed for terms of seven years, except that any person chosen to fill a vacancy shall be appointed only for the unexpired term of the Commissioner whom he shall succeed: Provided, however, That upon the expiration of his term of office a Commissioner shall continue to serve until his successor shall have been appointed and shall have qualified..11 So in original. The President shall choose a chairman from the Commission’s membership. No Commissioner shall engage in any other business, vocation, or employment. Any Commissioner may be removed by the President for inefficiency, neglect of duty, or malfeasance in office. A vacancy in the Commission shall not impair the right of the remaining Commissioners to exercise all the powers of the Commission.
Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. The source passage cites 15 U.S.C. § 41. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
§ 41. Federal Trade Commission established;
membership; vacancies; seal
A commission is created and established, to be
known as the Federal Trade Commission (here-
inafter referred to as the Commission), which
shall be composed of five Commissioners, who
shall be appointed by the President, by and with
the advice and consent of the Senate. Not more
than three of the Commissioners shall be mem-
bers of the same political party. The first Com-
missioners appointed shall continue in office for
terms of three, four, five, six, and seven years,
respectively, from September 26, 1914, the term
of each to be designated by the President, but
their successors shall be appointed for terms of
seven years, except that any person chosen to
fill a vacancy shall be appointed only for the un-
expired term of the Commissioner whom he
shall succeed: Provided, however, That upon the
expiration of his term of office a Commissioner
shall continue to serve until his successor shall
have been appointed and shall have qualified..1
The President shall choose a chairman from the
Commission’s membership. No Commissioner
shall engage in any other business, vocation, or
employment. Any Commissioner may be re-
moved by the President for inefficiency, neglect
of duty, or malfeasance in office. A vacancy in
the Commission shall not impair the right of the
remaining Commissioners to exercise all the
powers of the Commission.
The Commission shall have an official seal,
which shall be judicially noticed.
(Sept. 26, 1914, ch. 311, § 1, 38 Stat. 717; Mar. 21,
1938, ch. 49, § 1, 52 Stat. 111; 1950 Reorg. Plan No.
8, § 3, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3175, 64 Stat. 1265.)
Editorial Notes
AMENDMENTS
1938—Act Mar. 21, 1938, inserted proviso clause to
third sentence.
Statutory Not
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 15 U.S.C. § 41. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Every combination, conspiracy, trust, agreement, or contract is declared to be contrary to public policy, illegal, and void when the same is made by or between two or more persons or corporations, either of whom, as agent or principal, is engaged in importing any article from any foreign country into the United States, and when such combination, conspiracy, trust, agreement, or contract is intended to operate in restraint of lawful trade, or free competition in lawful trade or commerce, or to increase the market price in any part of the United States of any article or articles imported or intended to be imported into the United States, or of any manufacture into which such imported article enters or is intended to enter. Every person who shall be engaged in the importation of goods or any commodity from any foreign country in violation of this section, or who shall combine or conspire with another to violate the same, is guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof in any court of the United States such person shall be fined in a sum not less than $100 and not exceeding $5,000, and shall be further punished by imprisonment, in the discretion of the court, for a term not less than three months nor exceeding twelve months.
Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. The source passage cites 15 U.S.C. § 8. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
§ 8. Trusts in restraint of import trade illegal;
penalty
Every combination, conspiracy, trust, agree-
ment, or contract is declared to be contrary to
public policy, illegal, and void when the same is
made by or between two or more persons or cor-
porations, either of whom, as agent or principal,
is engaged in importing any article from any
foreign country into the United States, and
when
such
combination,
conspiracy,
trust,
agreement, or contract is intended to operate in
restraint of lawful trade, or free competition in
lawful trade or commerce, or to increase the
market price in any part of the United States of
any article or articles imported or intended to
be imported into the United States, or of any
manufacture into which such imported article
enters or is intended to enter. Every person who
shall be engaged in the importation of goods or
any commodity from any foreign country in vio-
lation of this section, or who shall combine or
conspire with another to violate the same, is
guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction
thereof in any court of the United States such
person shall be fined in a sum not less than $100
and not exceeding $5,000, and shall be further
punished by imprisonment, in the discretion of
the court, for a term not less than three months
nor exceeding twelve months.
(Aug. 27, 1894, ch. 349, § 73, 28 Stat. 570; Feb. 12,
1913, ch. 40, 37 Stat. 667.)
Editorial Notes
AMENDMENTS
1913—Act Feb. 12, 1913, inserted ‘‘as agent or prin-
cipal’’.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
SHORT TITLE
Section 77, formerly § 78, of act Aug. 27, 1894, as added
by Pub. L. 94–435, title III, § 305(d), Sept. 30, 1976, 90
Stat. 1397; renumbered § 77 and amended Pub. L. 107–273,
div. C, title IV, § 14102(c)(1)(B), Nov. 2, 2002, 1
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 15 U.S.C. § 8. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.