**(a) Policy and general authorities**
(1) **Statements of policy**
(A) International narcotics trafficking poses an unparalleled transnational threat in today’s world, and its suppression is among the most important foreign policy objectives of the United States.
(B) Under the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961, and under the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, the parties are required to criminalize certain drug-related activities, provide appropriately severe penalties, and cooperate in the extradition of accused offenders.
(C) International narcotics control programs should include, as priority goals, the suppression of the illicit manufacture of and trafficking in narcotic and psychotropic drugs, money laundering, and precursor chemical diversion, and the progressive elimination of the illicit cultivation of the crops from which narcotic and psychotropic drugs are derived.
(D) International criminal activities, particularly international narcotics trafficking, money laundering, and corruption, endanger political and economic stability and democratic development, and assistance for the prevention and suppression of international criminal activities should be a priority for the United States.
(E) The international community should provide assistance, where appropriate, to those producer and transit countries which require assistance in discharging these primary obligations.
(F) The objective of the United States in dealing with the problem of international money laundering is to ensure that countries adopt comprehensive domestic measures against money laundering and cooperate with each other in narcotics money laundering investigations, prosecutions, and related forfeiture actions.
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_58ad24f1dcefeec998ec3dd2 Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-22/section-2291-policy-general-authorities-coordination-foreign-police-actions-definitio--5873a5c006.md Pages: Not recorded – Not recorded Passage SHA-256: 7ec6d75cf8110d44103281964e6ddd8e3d818a32db3d60c041a0b56b8a7fda93 Retained source evidence SHA-256: 35e57226f074ef7d58c6a574b49173db113d0ea6e4c20aaac02866b312717c1b
Source location: Title 22, Chapter 32, § 2291; chapter-032-foreign-assistance.md
Stored source content
**(a) Policy and general authorities**
(1) **Statements of policy**
(A) International narcotics trafficking poses an unparalleled transnational threat in today’s world, and its suppression is among the most important foreign policy objectives of the United States.
(B) Under the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961, and under the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, the parties are required to criminalize certain drug-related activities, provide appropriately severe penalties, and cooperate in the extradition of accused offenders.
(C) International narcotics control programs should include, as priority goals, the suppression of the illicit manufacture of and trafficking in narcotic and psychotropic drugs, money laundering, and precursor chemical diversion, and the progressive elimination of the illicit cultivation of the crops from which narcotic and psychotropic drugs are derived.
(D) International criminal activities, particularly international narcotics trafficking, money laundering, and corruption, endanger political and economic stability and democratic development, and assistance for the prevention and suppression of international criminal activities should be a priority for the United States.
(E) The international community should provide assistance, where appropriate, to those producer and transit countries which require assistance in discharging these primary obligations.
(F) The objective of the United States in dealing with the problem of international money laundering is to ensure that countries adopt comprehensive domestic measures against money laundering and cooperate with each other in narcotics money laundering investigations, prosecutions, and related forfeiture actions.
(G) Effective international cooperation is necessary to control the illicit cultivation, production, and smuggling of, trafficking in, and abuse of narcotic and psychotropic drugs.
(2) In order to promote such cooperation, the President is authorized to conclude agreements, including reciprocal maritime agreements, with other countries to facilitate control of the production, processing, transportation, and distribution of narcotics analgesics, including opium and its derivatives, other narcotic and psychotropic drugs, and other controlled substances.
(3) In order to promote international cooperation in combatting international trafficking in illicit narcotics, it shall be the policy of the United States to use its voice and vote in multilateral development banks to promote the development and implementation in the major illicit drug producing countries of programs for the reduction and eventual eradication of narcotic drugs and other controlled substances, including appropriate assistance in conjunction with effective programs of illicit crop eradication.
(4) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the President is authorized to furnish assistance to any country or international organization, on such terms and conditions as he may determine, for the control of narcotic and psychotropic drugs and other controlled substances, or for other anticrime purposes.
**(b) Coordination of all United States antinarcotics assistance to foreign countries**
(1) **Responsibility of Secretary of State** — Consistent with chapter 1 of the National Narcotics Leadership Act of 1988,11 See References in Text note below. the Secretary of State shall be responsible for coordinating all assistance provided by the United States Government to support international efforts to combat illicit narcotics production or trafficking.
(2) **Rule of construction** — Nothing contained in this subsection or [section 2291h(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2291h/b&num=0&edition=prelim) shall be construed to limit or impair the authority or responsibility of any other Federal agency with respect to law enforcement, domestic security operations, or intelligence activities as defined in Executive Order 12333.
**(c) Participation in foreign police actions**
(1) **Prohibition on effecting an arrest** — No officer or employee of the United States may directly effect an arrest in any foreign country as part of any foreign police action with respect to narcotics control efforts, notwithstanding any other provision of law.
(2) **Participation in arrest actions** — Paragraph (1) does not prohibit an officer or employee of the United States, with the approval of the United States chief of mission, from being present when foreign officers are effecting an arrest or from assisting foreign officers who are effecting an arrest.
(3) **Exception for exigent, threatening circumstances** — Paragraph (1) does not prohibit an officer or employee from taking direct action to protect life or safety if exigent circumstances arise which are unanticipated and which pose an immediate threat to United States officers or employees, officers or employees of a foreign government, or members of the public.
(4) **Exception for maritime law enforcement** — With the agreement of a foreign country, paragraph (1) does not apply with respect to maritime law enforcement operations in the territorial sea or archipelagic waters of that country.
(5) **Interrogations** — No officer or employee of the United States may interrogate or be present during the interrogation of any United States person arrested in any foreign country with respect to narcotics control efforts without the written consent of such person.
(6) **Exception for Status of Forces arrangements** — This subsection does not apply to the activities of the United States Armed Forces in carrying out their responsibilities under applicable Status of Forces arrangements.
**(d) Use of herbicides for aerial eradication**
(1) **Monitoring** — The President, with the assistance of appropriate Federal agencies, shall monitor any use under this part of a herbicide for aerial eradication in order to determine the impact of such use on the environment and on the health of individuals.
(2) **Annual reports** — In the annual report required by [section 2291h(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2291h/a&num=0&edition=prelim), the President shall report on the impact on the environment and the health of individuals of the use under this part of a herbicide for aerial eradication.
(3) **Report upon determination of harm to environment or health** — If the President determines that any such use is harmful to the environment or the health of individuals, the President shall immediately report that determination to the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, together with such recommendations as the President deems appropriate.
**(e) Definitions** For purposes of this part and other provisions of this chapter relating specifically to international narcotics matters—
(1) the term “legal and law enforcement measures” means—
(A) the enactment and implementation of laws and regulations or the implementation of existing laws and regulations to provide for the progressive control, reduction, and gradual elimination of the illicit cultivation, production, processing, transportation, and distribution of narcotic drugs and other controlled substances; and
(B) the effective organization, staffing, equipping, funding, and activation of those governmental authorities responsible for narcotics control;
(2) the term “major illicit drug producing country” means a country—
(A) in which 1,000 hectares or more of illicit opium poppy is cultivated or harvested during a year;
(B) in which 1,000 hectares or more of illicit coca is cultivated or harvested during a year;
(C) in which 5,000 hectares or more of illicit cannabis is cultivated or harvested during a year, unless the President determines that such illicit cannabis production does not significantly affect the United States;
(D) that is a significant source of illicit synthetic opioids significantly affecting the United States; or
(E) that is a significant direct source of covered synthetic drugs or psychotropic drugs or other controlled substances, including precursor chemicals when those chemicals are used in the production of such drugs and substances, significantly affecting the United States;
(3) the term “narcotic and psychotropic drugs and other controlled substances” has the same meaning as is given by any applicable international narcotics control agreement or domestic law of the country or countries concerned;
(4) the term “United States assistance” means—
(A) any assistance under this chapter (and any support under subchapter II of chapter 103 of this title, relating to the United States International Development Finance Corporation), other than—
(i) assistance under this part,
(ii) any other narcotics-related assistance under this subchapter (including part IV of subchapter II of this chapter), but any such assistance provided under this clause shall be subject to the prior notification procedures applicable to reprogrammings pursuant to [section 2394–1 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2394-1&num=0&edition=prelim),
(iii) disaster relief assistance, including any assistance under part IX of this subchapter,
(iv) assistance which involves the provision of food (including monetization of food) or medicine, and
(v) assistance for refugees;
(B) sales, or financing on any terms, under the Arms Export Control Act [[22 U.S.C. 2751](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2751&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.];
(C) the provision of agricultural commodities, other than food, under the Food for Peace Act [[7 U.S.C. 1691](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section1691&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.];
(D) financing under the Export-Import Bank Act of 1945 [[12 U.S.C. 635](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section635&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.];
(E) assistance that furthers the objectives set forth in paragraphs (1) through (4) of [section 2151n–2(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2151n–2/b&num=0&edition=prelim);
(F) assistance to combat trafficking authorized under the Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000 ([22 U.S.C. 7101](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section7101&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.)) 22 So in original.; and
(G) global health assistance authorized under sections 2151b through 2151b–4 of this title.
(5) the term “major drug-transit country” means a country through which are transported covered synthetic drugs or psychotropic drugs or other controlled substances significantly affecting the United States;
(6) the term “precursor chemical” has the same meaning as the term “listed chemical” has under paragraph (33) of [section 802 of title 21](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title21-section802&num=0&edition=prelim);
(7) the term “major money laundering country” means a country whose financial institutions engage in currency transactions involving significant amounts of proceeds from international narcotics trafficking;
(8) the term “appropriate congressional committees” means the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and
(9) the term “covered synthetic drug” has the meaning given that term in section 5558 of the FENTANYL Results Act.
Cross-references
Connections may be documented source relationships, shared citations or nearby passages. Each explains its basis; a connection alone does not establish applicability to your situation.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) General banking business; use of mails; publication of documents, reports, contracts, etc.; use of assets and allocated or borrowed money; payment of dividends; medium-term financing; dissemination of information; enhancement of medium-term program**
(1) There is created a corporation with the name Export-Import Bank of the United States, which shall be an agency of the United States of America. The objects and purposes of the Bank shall be to aid in financing and to facilitate exports of goods and services, imports, and the exchange of commodities and services between the United States or any of its territories or insular possessions and any foreign country or the agencies or nationals of any such country, and in so doing to contribute to the employment of United States workers. The Bank’s objective in authorizing loans, guarantees, insurance, and credits shall be to contribute to maintaining or increasing employment of United States workers. In connection with and in furtherance of its objects and purposes, the bank is authorized and empowered to do a general banking business except that of circulation; to receive deposits; to purchase, discount, rediscount, sell, and negotiate, with or without its endorsement or guaranty, and to guarantee notes, drafts, checks, bills of exchange, acceptances, including bankers’ acceptances, cable transfers, and other evidences of indebtedness; to guarantee, insure, coinsure, and reinsure against political and credit risks of loss; to purchase, sell, and guarantee securities but not to purchase with its funds any stock in any other corporation except that it may acquire any such stock through the enforcement of any lien or pledge or otherwise to satisfy a previously contracted indebtedness to it; to accept bills and drafts draw
Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. The source passage cites 12 U.S.C. § 635. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
§ 635. Powers and functions of Bank
(a) General banking business; use of mails; publi-
cation of documents, reports, contracts, etc.;
use of assets and allocated or borrowed
money; payment of dividends; medium-term
financing; dissemination of information; en-
hancement of medium-term program
(1) There is created a corporation with the
name Export-Import Bank of the United States,
which shall be an agency of the United States of
America. The objects and purposes of the Bank
shall be to aid in financing and to facilitate ex-
ports of goods and services, imports, and the ex-
change of commodities and services between the
United States or any of its territories or insular
possessions and any foreign country or the agen-
cies or nationals of any such country, and in so
doing to contribute to the employment of
United States workers. The Bank’s objective in
authorizing loans, guarantees, insurance, and
credits shall be to contribute to maintaining or
increasing employment of United States work-
ers. In connection with and in furtherance of its
objects and purposes, the bank is authorized and
empowered to do a general banking business ex-
cept that of circulation; to receive deposits; to
purchase, discount, rediscount, sell, and nego-
tiate, with or without its endorsement or guar-
anty, and to guarantee notes, drafts, checks,
bills of exchange, acceptances, including bank-
ers’ acceptances, cable transfers, and other evi-
dences of indebtedness; to guarantee, insure, co-
insure, and reinsure against political and credit
risks of loss; to purchase, sell, and guarantee se-
curities but not to purchase with its funds any
Page 199
TITLE 12—BANKS AND BANKING
§ 635
stock in any other corporation except that it
may acquire any such stock through the en-
force
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 12 U.S.C. § 635. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
§ 2291. Policy, general authorities, coordination,
foreign police actions, definitions, and other
provisions
(a) Policy and general authorities
(1) Statements of policy
(A) International narcotics trafficking poses
an unparalleled transnational threat in to-
day’s world, and its suppression is among the
most important foreign policy objectives of
the United States.
(B) Under the Single Convention on Narcotic
Drugs, 1961, and under the United Nations Con-
vention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic
Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, the par-
ties are required to criminalize certain drug-
related activities, provide appropriately severe
penalties, and cooperate in the extradition of
accused offenders.
(C) International narcotics control programs
should include, as priority goals, the suppres-
sion of the illicit manufacture of and traf-
Page 720
TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE
§ 2291
1 See References in Text note below.
ficking in narcotic and psychotropic drugs,
money laundering, and precursor chemical di-
version, and the progressive elimination of the
illicit cultivation of the crops from which nar-
cotic and psychotropic drugs are derived.
(D) International criminal activities, par-
ticularly international narcotics trafficking,
money laundering, and corruption, endanger
political and economic stability and demo-
cratic development, and assistance for the pre-
vention
and
suppression
of
international
criminal activities should be a priority for the
United States.
(E) The international community should
provide assistance, where appropriate, to
those producer and transit countries which re-
quire assistance in discharging these primary
obligations.
(F) The objective of the United States in
dealing with the problem of interna
As declared by the Congress in the Arms Control and Disarmament Act [[22 U.S.C. 2551](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2551&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.], an ultimate goal of the United States continues to be a world which is free from the scourge of war and the dangers and burdens of armaments; in which the use of force has been subordinated to the rule of law; and in which international adjustments to a changing world are achieved peacefully. In furtherance of that goal, it remains the policy of the United States to encourage regional arms control and disarmament agreements and to discourage arms races.
Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. The source passage cites 22 U.S.C. § 2751. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
§ 2751. Need for international defense coopera-
tion and military export controls; Presi-
dential waiver; report to Congress; arms
sales policy
As declared by the Congress in the Arms Con-
trol and Disarmament Act [22 U.S.C. 2551 et
seq.], an ultimate goal of the United States con-
tinues to be a world which is free from the
scourge of war and the dangers and burdens of
armaments; in which the use of force has been
subordinated to the rule of law; and in which
international adjustments to a changing world
are achieved peacefully. In furtherance of that
goal, it remains the policy of the United States
to encourage regional arms control and disar-
mament agreements and to discourage arms
races.
The Congress recognizes, however, that the
United States and other free and independent
countries continue to have valid requirements
for effective and mutually beneficial defense re-
lationships in order to maintain and foster the
environment of international peace and security
essential to social, economic, and political
progress. Because of the growing cost and com-
plexity of defense equipment, it is increasingly
difficult and uneconomic for any country, par-
ticularly a developing country, to fill all of its
legitimate defense requirements from its own
design and production base. The need for inter-
national defense cooperation among the United
States and those friendly countries to which it
is allied by mutual defense treaties is especially
important, since the effectiveness of their armed
Page 1186
TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE
§ 2751
forces to act in concert to deter or defeat ag-
gression is directly related to the operational
compatibility of their defense equipment.
Accordingly, it remains the policy of the
United States to faci
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 22 U.S.C. § 2751. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Purposes** The purposes of this chapter are to combat trafficking in persons, a contemporary manifestation of slavery whose victims are predominantly women and children, to ensure just and effective punishment of traffickers, and to protect their victims.
**(b) Findings** Congress finds that:
(1) As the 21st century begins, the degrading institution of slavery continues throughout the world. Trafficking in persons is a modern form of slavery, and it is the largest manifestation of slavery today. At least 700,000 persons annually, primarily women and children, are trafficked within or across international borders. Approximately 50,000 women and children are trafficked into the United States each year.
(2) Many of these persons are trafficked into the international sex trade, often by force, fraud, or coercion. The sex industry has rapidly expanded over the past several decades. It involves sexual exploitation of persons, predominantly women and girls, involving activities related to prostitution, pornography, sex tourism, and other commercial sexual services. The low status of women in many parts of the world has contributed to a burgeoning of the trafficking industry.
(3) Trafficking in persons is not limited to the sex industry. This growing transnational crime also includes forced labor and involves significant violations of labor, public health, and human rights standards worldwide.
(4) Traffickers primarily target women and girls, who are disproportionately affected by poverty, the lack of access to education, chronic unemployment, discrimination, and the lack of economic opportunities in countries of origin. Traffickers lure women and girls into their networks through false promises of decent working conditions at relatively good pay as nannies, maids, d
Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. The source passage cites 22 U.S.C. § 7101. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
§ 7101. Purposes and findings
(a) Purposes
The purposes of this chapter are to combat
trafficking in persons, a contemporary mani-
festation of slavery whose victims are predomi-
nantly women and children, to ensure just and
effective punishment of traffickers, and to pro-
tect their victims.
(b) Findings
Congress finds that:
(1) As the 21st century begins, the degrading
institution of slavery continues throughout
the world. Trafficking in persons is a modern
form of slavery, and it is the largest mani-
festation of slavery today. At least 700,000 per-
sons annually, primarily women and children,
are trafficked within or across international
borders. Approximately 50,000 women and chil-
dren are trafficked into the United States
each year.
(2) Many of these persons are trafficked into
the international sex trade, often by force,
fraud, or coercion. The sex industry has rap-
idly expanded over the past several decades. It
involves sexual exploitation of persons, pre-
dominantly women and girls, involving activi-
ties related to prostitution, pornography, sex
tourism, and other commercial sexual serv-
ices. The low status of women in many parts
of the world has contributed to a burgeoning
of the trafficking industry.
(3) Trafficking in persons is not limited to
the sex industry. This growing transnational
crime also includes forced labor and involves
significant violations of labor, public health,
and human rights standards worldwide.
(4) Traffickers primarily target women and
girls, who are disproportionately affected by
poverty, the lack of access to education,
chronic unemployment, discrimination, and
the lack of economic opportunities in coun-
tries of origin. Traffickers lure women and
girls into their networks through false prom-
ises
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 22 U.S.C. § 7101. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Notice of negotiations** The Secretary of State and the Secretary of the Treasury shall, in every feasible instance, notify the designated congressional committees not less than 15 days prior to any formal negotiation for debt relief under this subchapter.
**(b) Transmittal of text of agreements** The Secretary of State shall transmit to the designated congressional committees a copy of the text of any agreement with any foreign government which would result in any debt relief under this subchapter no less than 30 days prior to its entry into force, together with a detailed justification of the interest of the United States in the proposed debt relief.
**(c) Annual report** The Secretary of State or the Secretary of the Treasury, as appropriate, shall submit to the designated congressional committees not later than February 1 of each year a consolidated statement of the budgetary implications of all debt relief agreements entered into force under this subchapter during the preceding fiscal year.
**(d) Designated congressional committees** As used in this section, the term “designated congressional committees” means the Committee on Agriculture and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate.
Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. The source passage cites 7 U.S.C. § 1691. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
§ 1691. United States policy
It is the policy of the United States to use its
abundant agricultural productivity to promote
the foreign policy of the United States by en-
hancing the food security of the developing
world through the use of agricultural commod-
ities and local currencies accruing under this
chapter to—
(1) combat world hunger and malnutrition
and their causes;
(2) promote broad-based, equitable, and sus-
tainable development, including agricultural
development;
(3) expand international trade;
(4) foster and encourage the development of
private enterprise and democratic participa-
tion in developing countries; and
(5) prevent conflicts.
(July 10, 1954, ch. 469, § 2, 68 Stat. 454; Pub. L.
89–808, § 2(A), Nov. 11, 1966, 80 Stat. 1526; Pub. L.
94–161, title II, § 201, Dec. 20, 1975, 89 Stat. 850;
Pub. L. 99–198, title XI, § 1111(a), Dec. 23, 1985, 99
Stat. 1474; Pub. L. 101–624, title XV, § 1512, Nov.
28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3633; Pub. L. 107–171, title III,
§ 3001, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 280; Pub. L. 110–246,
title III, § 3002, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1821.)
Editorial Notes
AMENDMENTS
2008—Pars. (4) to (6). Pub. L. 110–246 redesignated
pars. (5) and (6) as (4) and (5), respectively, and struck
out former par. (4) which read as follows: ‘‘develop and
expand export markets for United States agricultural
commodities;’’.
2002—Par. (6). Pub. L. 107–171 added par. (6).
1990—Pub. L. 101–624 amended section generally, sub-
stituting present provisions for provisions declaring
policy of United States to expand trade, develop export
markets, encourage economic development and private
enterprise in developing countries, improve local food
production and promote foreign policy, and requiring
President to give priority to countries most a
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 7 U.S.C. § 1691. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.