In this chapter:
(1) **Authorizing committees** — The term “authorizing committees” means the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate and the Committee on Education and Labor of the House of Representatives.
(2) **Combination of institutions of higher education** — The term “combination of institutions of higher education” means a group of institutions of higher education that have entered into a cooperative arrangement for the purpose of carrying out a common objective, or a public or private nonprofit agency, organization, or institution designated or created by a group of institutions of higher education for the purpose of carrying out a common objective on the group’s behalf.
(3) **Critical foreign language** — Except as otherwise provided, the term “critical foreign language” means each of the languages contained in the list of critical languages designated by the Secretary in the Federal Register on August 2, 1985 (50 Fed. Reg. 31412; promulgated under the authority of section 212(d) of the Education for Economic Security Act (repealed by section 2303 of the Augustus F. Hawkins-Robert T. Stafford Elementary and Secondary School Improvement Amendments of 1988)), as updated by the Secretary from time to time and published in the Federal Register, except that in the implementation of this definition with respect to a specific title, the Secretary may set priorities according to the purposes of such title and the national security, economic competitiveness, and educational needs of the United States.
(4) **Department** — The term “Department” means the Department of Education.
(5) **Diploma mill** — The term “diploma mill” means an entity that—
(A)
(i) offers, for a fee, degrees, diplomas, or certificates, that may be used to rep
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Source location: Title 20, Chapter 28, § 1003; chapter-028-higher-education-resources-and-student-assistance.md
Stored source content
In this chapter:
(1) **Authorizing committees** — The term “authorizing committees” means the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate and the Committee on Education and Labor of the House of Representatives.
(2) **Combination of institutions of higher education** — The term “combination of institutions of higher education” means a group of institutions of higher education that have entered into a cooperative arrangement for the purpose of carrying out a common objective, or a public or private nonprofit agency, organization, or institution designated or created by a group of institutions of higher education for the purpose of carrying out a common objective on the group’s behalf.
(3) **Critical foreign language** — Except as otherwise provided, the term “critical foreign language” means each of the languages contained in the list of critical languages designated by the Secretary in the Federal Register on August 2, 1985 (50 Fed. Reg. 31412; promulgated under the authority of section 212(d) of the Education for Economic Security Act (repealed by section 2303 of the Augustus F. Hawkins-Robert T. Stafford Elementary and Secondary School Improvement Amendments of 1988)), as updated by the Secretary from time to time and published in the Federal Register, except that in the implementation of this definition with respect to a specific title, the Secretary may set priorities according to the purposes of such title and the national security, economic competitiveness, and educational needs of the United States.
(4) **Department** — The term “Department” means the Department of Education.
(5) **Diploma mill** — The term “diploma mill” means an entity that—
(A)
(i) offers, for a fee, degrees, diplomas, or certificates, that may be used to represent to the general public that the individual possessing such a degree, diploma, or certificate has completed a program of postsecondary education or training; and
(ii) requires such individual to complete little or no education or coursework to obtain such degree, diploma, or certificate; and
(B) lacks accreditation by an accrediting agency or association that is recognized as an accrediting agency or association of institutions of higher education (as such term is defined in [section 1002 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1002&num=0&edition=prelim)) by—
(i) the Secretary pursuant to subpart 2 of part H of subchapter IV; or
(ii) a Federal agency, State government, or other organization or association that recognizes accrediting agencies or associations.
(6) **Disability** — The term “disability” has the same meaning given that term under [section 12102(2) of title 42](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section12102/2&num=0&edition=prelim).
(7) **Distance education**
(A) *In general* — Except as otherwise provided, the term “distance education” means education that uses one or more of the technologies described in subparagraph (B)—
(i) to deliver instruction to students who are separated from the instructor; and
(ii) to support regular and substantive interaction between the students and the instructor, synchronously or asynchronously.
(B) *Inclusions* — For the purposes of subparagraph (A), the technologies used may include—
(i) the Internet;
(ii) one-way and two-way transmissions through open broadcast, closed circuit, cable, microwave, broadband lines, fiber optics, satellite, or wireless communications devices;
(iii) audio conferencing; or
(iv) video cassettes, DVDs, and CD–ROMs, if the cassettes, DVDs, or CD–ROMs are used in a course in conjunction with any of the technologies listed in clauses (i) through (iii).
(8) **Early childhood education program** — The term “early childhood education program” means—
(A) a Head Start program or an Early Head Start program carried out under the Head Start Act ([42 U.S.C. 9831](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section9831&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.), including a migrant or seasonal Head Start program, an Indian Head Start program, or a Head Start program or an Early Head Start program that also receives State funding;
(B) a State licensed or regulated child care program; or
(C) a program that—
(i) serves children from birth through age six that addresses the children’s cognitive (including language, early literacy, and early mathematics), social, emotional, and physical development; and
(ii) is—
(I) a State prekindergarten program;
(II) a program authorized under section 619 [[20 U.S.C. 1419](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1419&num=0&edition=prelim)] or part C of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act [[20 U.S.C. 1431](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1431&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.]; or
(III) a program operated by a local educational agency.
(9) **Elementary school** — The term “elementary school” has the same meaning given that term under [section 7801 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section7801&num=0&edition=prelim).
(10) **Gifted and talented** — The term “gifted and talented” has the same meaning given that term under [section 7801 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section7801&num=0&edition=prelim).
(11) **Local educational agency** — The term “local educational agency” has the same meaning given that term under [section 7801 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section7801&num=0&edition=prelim).
(12) **New borrower** — The term “new borrower” when used with respect to any date means an individual who on that date has no outstanding balance of principal or interest owing on any loan made, insured, or guaranteed under subchapter IV.
(13) **Nonprofit** — The term “nonprofit” as applied to a school, agency, organization, or institution means a school, agency, organization, or institution owned and operated by one or more nonprofit corporations or associations, no part of the net earnings of which inures, or may lawfully inure, to the benefit of any private shareholder or individual.
(14) **Poverty line** — The term “poverty line” means the poverty line (as defined in [section 9902(2) of title 42](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section9902/2&num=0&edition=prelim)) applicable to a family of the size involved.
(15) **School or department of divinity** — The term “school or department of divinity” means an institution, or a department or a branch of an institution, the program of instruction of which is designed for the education of students—
(A) to prepare the students to become ministers of religion or to enter upon some other religious vocation (or to provide continuing training for any such vocation); or
(B) to prepare the students to teach theological subjects.
(16) **Secondary school** — The term “secondary school” has the same meaning given that term under [section 7801 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section7801&num=0&edition=prelim).
(17) **Secretary** — The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Education.
(18) **Service-learning** — The term “service-learning” has the same meaning given that term under section 12511(23) 11 See References in Text note below. of title 42.
(19) **Special education teacher** — The term “special education teacher” means teachers who teach children with disabilities as defined in section 602 of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act.
(20) **State educational agency** — The term “State educational agency” has the same meaning given that term under [section 7801 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section7801&num=0&edition=prelim).
(21) **State; Freely Associated States**
(A) *State* — The term “State” includes, in addition to the several States of the United States, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia, Guam, American Samoa, the United States Virgin Islands, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Freely Associated States.
(B) *Freely Associated States* — The term “Freely Associated States” means the Republic of the Marshall Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, and the Republic of Palau.
(22) **State higher education agency** — The term “State higher education agency” means the officer or agency primarily responsible for the State supervision of higher education.
(23) **Universal design** — The term “universal design” has the meaning given the term in [section 3002 of title 29](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title29-section3002&num=0&edition=prelim).
(24) **Universal design for learning** — The term “universal design for learning” means a scientifically valid framework for guiding educational practice that—
(A) provides flexibility in the ways information is presented, in the ways students respond or demonstrate knowledge and skills, and in the ways students are engaged; and
(B) reduces barriers in instruction, provides appropriate accommodations, supports, and challenges, and maintains high achievement expectations for all students, including students with disabilities and students who are limited English proficient.
Cross-references
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
§ 1003. Additional definitions
In this chapter:
(1) Authorizing committees
The term ‘‘authorizing committees’’ means
the Committee on Health, Education, Labor,
and Pensions of the Senate and the Committee
on Education and Labor of the House of Rep-
resentatives.
(2) Combination of institutions of higher edu-
cation
The term ‘‘combination of institutions of
higher education’’ means a group of institu-
tions of higher education that have entered
into a cooperative arrangement for the pur-
pose of carrying out a common objective, or a
public or private nonprofit agency, organiza-
tion, or institution designated or created by a
group of institutions of higher education for
the purpose of carrying out a common objec-
tive on the group’s behalf.
(3) Critical foreign language
Except as otherwise provided, the term
‘‘critical foreign language’’ means each of the
languages contained in the list of critical lan-
guages designated by the Secretary in the
Federal Register on August 2, 1985 (50 Fed.
Reg. 31412; promulgated under the authority of
section 212(d) of the Education for Economic
Security Act (repealed by section 2303 of the
Augustus F. Hawkins-Robert T. Stafford Ele-
mentary and Secondary School Improvement
Amendments of 1988)), as updated by the Sec-
retary from time to time and published in the
Federal Register, except that in the imple-
mentation of this definition with respect to a
specific title, the Secretary may set priorities
according to the purposes of such title and the
national security, economic competitiveness,
and educational needs of the United States.
(4) Department
The term ‘‘Department’’ means the Depart-
ment of Education.
(5) Diploma mill
The term ‘‘diploma mill’’ means an entity
that—
(A)(i) offers, for a fee, degree
**(a) In general** The Secretary shall provide grants under this section to assist States to provide special education and related services, in accordance with this subchapter—
(1) to children with disabilities aged 3 through 5, inclusive; and
(2) at the State’s discretion, to 2-year-old children with disabilities who will turn 3 during the school year.
**(b) Eligibility** A State shall be eligible for a grant under this section if such State—
(1) is eligible under [section 1412 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1412&num=0&edition=prelim) to receive a grant under this subchapter; and
(2) makes a free appropriate public education available to all children with disabilities, aged 3 through 5, residing in the State.
**(c) Allocations to States**
(1) **In general** — The Secretary shall allocate the amount made available to carry out this section for a fiscal year among the States in accordance with paragraph (2) or (3), as the case may be.
(2) **Increase in funds** — If the amount available for allocations to States under paragraph (1) for a fiscal year is equal to or greater than the amount allocated to the States under this section for the preceding fiscal year, those allocations shall be calculated as follows:
(A) *Allocation*
(i) *In general* — Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the Secretary shall—
(I) allocate to each State the amount the State received under this section for fiscal year 1997;
(II) allocate 85 percent of any remaining funds to States on the basis of the States’ relative populations of children aged 3 through 5; and
(III) allocate 15 percent of those remaining funds to States on the basis of the States’ relative populations of all children aged 3 through
Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. The source passage cites 20 U.S.C. § 1419. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
§ 1419. Preschool grants
(a) In general
The Secretary shall provide grants under this
section to assist States to provide special edu-
cation and related services, in accordance with
this subchapter—
(1) to children with disabilities aged 3
through 5, inclusive; and
(2) at the State’s discretion, to 2-year-old
children with disabilities who will turn 3 dur-
ing the school year.
(b) Eligibility
A State shall be eligible for a grant under this
section if such State—
(1) is eligible under section 1412 of this title
to receive a grant under this subchapter; and
(2) makes a free appropriate public edu-
cation available to all children with disabil-
ities, aged 3 through 5, residing in the State.
(c) Allocations to States
(1) In general
The Secretary shall allocate the amount
made available to carry out this section for a
fiscal year among the States in accordance
with paragraph (2) or (3), as the case may be.
Page 984
TITLE 20—EDUCATION
§ 1419
(2) Increase in funds
If the amount available for allocations to
States under paragraph (1) for a fiscal year is
equal to or greater than the amount allocated
to the States under this section for the pre-
ceding fiscal year, those allocations shall be
calculated as follows:
(A) Allocation
(i) In general
Except as provided in subparagraph (B),
the Secretary shall—
(I) allocate to each State the amount
the State received under this section for
fiscal year 1997;
(II) allocate 85 percent of any remain-
ing funds to States on the basis of the
States’ relative populations of children
aged 3 through 5; and
(III) allocate 15 percent of those re-
maining funds to States on the basis of
the States’ relative populations of all
children aged 3 through 5 who are living
in poverty.
(ii) Data
For the purpose o
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 20 U.S.C. § 1419. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Findings** Congress finds that there is an urgent and substantial need—
(1) to enhance the development of infants and toddlers with disabilities, to minimize their potential for developmental delay, and to recognize the significant brain development that occurs during a child’s first 3 years of life;
(2) to reduce the educational costs to our society, including our Nation’s schools, by minimizing the need for special education and related services after infants and toddlers with disabilities reach school age;
(3) to maximize the potential for individuals with disabilities to live independently in society;
(4) to enhance the capacity of families to meet the special needs of their infants and toddlers with disabilities; and
(5) to enhance the capacity of State and local agencies and service providers to identify, evaluate, and meet the needs of all children, particularly minority, low-income, inner city, and rural children, and infants and toddlers in foster care.
**(b) Policy** It is the policy of the United States to provide financial assistance to States—
(1) to develop and implement a statewide, comprehensive, coordinated, multidisciplinary, interagency system that provides early intervention services for infants and toddlers with disabilities and their families;
(2) to facilitate the coordination of payment for early intervention services from Federal, State, local, and private sources (including public and private insurance coverage);
(3) to enhance State capacity to provide quality early intervention services and expand and improve existing early intervention services being provided to infants and toddlers with disabilities and their families; and
(4) to encourage States to expand opportunities for children under 3 years of age who would be at risk
Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. The source passage cites 20 U.S.C. § 1431. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
§ 1431. Findings and policy
(a) Findings
Congress finds that there is an urgent and sub-
stantial need—
(1) to enhance the development of infants
and toddlers with disabilities, to minimize
their potential for developmental delay, and
to recognize the significant brain development
that occurs during a child’s first 3 years of
life;
(2) to reduce the educational costs to our so-
ciety, including our Nation’s schools, by mini-
mizing the need for special education and re-
lated services after infants and toddlers with
disabilities reach school age;
(3) to maximize the potential for individuals
with disabilities to live independently in soci-
ety;
(4) to enhance the capacity of families to
meet the special needs of their infants and
toddlers with disabilities; and
(5) to enhance the capacity of State and
local agencies and service providers to iden-
tify, evaluate, and meet the needs of all chil-
dren, particularly minority, low-income, inner
city, and rural children, and infants and tod-
dlers in foster care.
(b) Policy
It is the policy of the United States to provide
financial assistance to States—
(1) to develop and implement a statewide,
comprehensive,
coordinated,
multidisci-
plinary, interagency system that provides
early intervention services for infants and tod-
dlers with disabilities and their families;
(2) to facilitate the coordination of payment
for early intervention services from Federal,
State, local, and private sources (including
public and private insurance coverage);
(3) to enhance State capacity to provide
quality early intervention services and expand
and improve existing early intervention serv-
ices being provided to infants and toddlers
with disabilities and their families; and
(4) to encourage States to expand opp
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 20 U.S.C. § 1431. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
It is the purpose of this subchapter to promote the school readiness of low-income children by enhancing their cognitive, social, and emotional development—
(1) in a learning environment that supports children’s growth in language, literacy, mathematics, science, social and emotional functioning, creative arts, physical skills, and approaches to learning; and
(2) through the provision to low-income children and their families of health, educational, nutritional, social, and other services that are determined, based on family needs assessments, to be necessary.
Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. The source passage cites 42 U.S.C. § 9831. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
§ 9831. Statement of purpose
It is the purpose of this subchapter to promote
the school readiness of low-income children by
enhancing their cognitive, social, and emotional
development—
(1) in a learning environment that supports
children’s growth in language, literacy, math-
ematics, science, social and emotional func-
tioning, creative arts, physical skills, and ap-
proaches to learning; and
(2) through the provision to low-income chil-
dren and their families of health, educational,
nutritional, social, and other services that are
determined, based on family needs assess-
ments, to be necessary.
(Pub. L. 97–35, title VI, § 636, Aug. 13, 1981, 95
Stat. 499; Pub. L. 101–501, title I, § 102, Nov. 3,
1990, 104 Stat. 1224; Pub. L. 105–285, title I, § 102,
Oct. 27, 1998, 112 Stat. 2703; Pub. L. 110–134, § 2,
Dec. 12, 2007, 121 Stat. 1363.)
Editorial Notes
AMENDMENTS
2007—Pub. L. 110–134 amended section generally. Prior
to amendment, text read as follows: ‘‘It is the purpose
of this subchapter to promote school readiness by en-
hancing the social and cognitive development of low-in-
come children through the provision, to low-income
children and their families, of health, educational, nu-
tritional, social, and other services that are deter-
mined, based on family needs assessments, to be nec-
essary.’’
1998—Pub. L. 105–285 amended section catchline and
text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as fol-
lows:
‘‘(a) In recognition of the role which Project Head
Start has played in the effective delivery of comprehen-
sive health, educational, nutritional, social, and other
services to economically disadvantaged children and
their families, it is the purpose of this subchapter to
extend the authority for the appropriation of funds for
such program
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 42 U.S.C. § 9831. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.